Occipital bone
-back part of head -lamboidal suture between the occipital and parietal bones (fuses after 24 y) -inferolaterally is the occipitomastoid suture (where occipital bone articulates with temporal bone)
Mastoid process
bump behind ear
Forman Magnus
Hole in occipital bone for brain stem
Superior nuchal line
-side to side ledge on the occipital bone
External occipital protuberance
protuberance going up and down the occipital bone beneath the superior nuchal line
Occipital Condyle
little knobbies that articulate with the atlas at base of the occipital bone
squamous sutures
suture between parietal and temporal bone
Coronal suture
-suture between parietal bones and frontal bone
Sagittal suture
-suture between the parietal bones
Lamboid suture
-suture between parietal and occipital bones
Squamous part of the frontal bone
-forehead part of the frontal bone
Frontal nasal suture
suture between frontal bone and nasal bone
features of frontal bone
-squamous -nasal part -orbital plate -zygomatic process
Zygomatic process
-the part of the temporal bone that sticks out and articulates with the zygomatic bone
Mandibular fossa
-depression on temporal bone between the zygomatic process and the external meatus
Condylar process
forms the temporal mandibular joint
Styloid process
-part sticking down from the temporal bone
Temporal mandibular joint
Joint between the mandible and temporal bone
External acoustic meatus
hole that leads to inner ear in temporal bone
Sphenoid bone
-only cranial bone that articulates with all other cranial bones -looks like a butterfly -In greater wings there are formania (holes)
Cranial Foramina (openings)
Old - Optic canal/foramen - In sphenoid Rotund - rotundum - in sphenoid Owls - ovale - in sphenoid Spin - spinosum - in sphenoid Lazily - lacerum Across - internal acoustic meatus Jugs - jugular foramen
14 facial bones pneumonic
-Viagara - Vomer (1)
Can - Conchae
Not - Nasal
Make - mandible (1)
My - Maxilla
Penis - Palatine
Like - Lacrimal
Zebra - Zygomatic
Mandible
Features -Ramus of mandible--> lower handle of the jaw -Condylar process--> process for temporal bone
Mental protuberance
protuberance on the chin--> result of fusion
Mental Foramina
Two holes where nerves go through - under teeth - where dentist numbs when filling
Maxilla
-Bone around the nose
Infraorbital foramen
-hole right under the eye carrying nerves and artery through on maxilla
Palatine process of Maxilla
-anterior 2 thirds of the maxilla that articulates with the palatine
Zygomatics
two of them -Cheekbone -interfolateral margins or the orbit
Nasal bone
-2 bones -articulates with fontal, maxillary, and perpendicular plate
Lacrimal bones
-smallest bone of face -2 fingers like bones in inner orbit -Has lacrimal fossa that houses lacrimal sac
Palatine bones
-L shaped bones with orbital process and horizontal plate -Articulates with maxilla
Inferior nasal concha
-provides spaces to warm air -behind nose hole
Hyoid Bone
-not skull or face bone -anchored by ligaments -stylohyoid muscle attaches
Curvatures of the spine
-cervical -thoracic -lumbar -sacral
Types of abnormal spinal curves
-scoliosis (lateral) -kyphosis (hunch) -lordosis (sway)
2 angles of the scapula
-inferior -superior
Humerus
-longest and largest of upper limb -articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula
Capitulum and trochlea
-end of humerus that articualtes with forearm -capitulum with radius -trochlea with ulna
Olecranon
pointy part of elbow
Anatomy of the pelvic girdle
Ala (upper body of PG) -ilium (whole top part of the PG) -iliac crest (top border) -Ischium (bottom back part) -Pubis (bottom front part)
Pubic Symphysis joint
-joint that hold both parts of pelvic girdle together -Symohisiotomy is procedure to cut this for labour
Tibia
-Main articulating bone to the femur -closest to big toe
Lateral Malleous
bump on lateral side of ankle
Circumduction
flexion, adbuction and adduction of limb - limb goes in a cone
supination
palm faces anteriorly and radius and ulna are parallel
pronation
palm faces posteriorly and radius rotates over ulna
opposition
movement of thumb - grasping something
Trapezius
Origin -superior nuchal line -spinous process C7-T12
Insertion -Acromion -spine of scapula -Lateral third of clavicle
PM -Elevation and abduction of scapula
Rhomoid major
O -spinous process of vertabrae T2-T5
I -Inserts into the medial border of scapula
PA -Scapula retraction
Rhomboid Minor
O -Processes of C7 and T1 I -into base of spine of scapula PA -Scapula retraction
Serratus posterior superior
O -SP of C7-T3 I -Superior border of rib #2-5 PA -elevate upper rib during inhalation
Serratus posterior inferior
O -SP of T11-L2 I -inferior border of rib 9-12 PA -Draw lower rob down and back during exhalation
Latissimus dorsi
O -T7-L5 -iliac crest -inferior angle of scapula I -humerus PA -abduction of arm -medially rotates
Levator scapulae
O -atlas I -Superior angle of scapula PA -Elevates scapula
Pectoralis Major
O -rib 1-6 -1/3 clavicle I -crest of greater tubercle PA -adducts against resistance -medially rotates against resistance -clavicular part: flexion -Sternal part: extension of arm
Pectoralis Minor
O -rib 3-5 I -coracoid process PA -pull scapula forward and downward
Serratus anterior
O -ribs 1-9 I -medial border of scapula PA -rotates scapula so inferior angle move laterally and upwards -punching
Deltoid
O -anterior - lateral clavicle -lateral - acromion -posterior - spine of scapula I -deltoid tuberosity PA -anterior - flexion -lateral - abduction -posterior - extension and hyperflexion
Rotator cuff muscles
S- supraspinatus I - infraspinatus T - teres minor S - subscapularis
Origin, insertion and PA of SITS
O S- supraspinatus - supraspinatus fossa I - infraspinatus - infraspinatus fossa T - teres minor - lateral border of scapula
I -All are greater tubercle of humerus
PA -rotates scapula so it moves lateral and upwards (punch)
Teres major
O
inferior medial border of scapula I -anterior proximal humerus PA -adduction & medial rotation
Masseter
Elevates the mandible
sternocleidomastoid
flexes and laterally rotates the head
splenius capitis
flexes and laterally rotates head
splenius cervicis
extends or hyperextends head
Rectus abdominis
PA -flex and rotate lumbar region -sit ups
Fibers run up and down
External oblique
PA -flex vertebral colum -lateral flexion
fibers run diagonally up down /
internal obliques
PA -same as external obliques
fibers run diagonally from down up/
Transverse abdominis
PA -compresses abdominal content -important for forceful expiration, coughing
Fibers run side to side -
Triceps branchii
PA - Forearm extension
Biceps branchii
flexes and supinates the forearm - opening a wine bottle
branchialis
Flexes forearm - lifting drink to mouth
Brachioradialis
Forearm
-flexes forearm
Pronator teres
Forearm
-Pronates forearm
Flexor capri radialis
Forearm
-flexes hand
Flexor capri ulnaris
Forearm
-flexes and extends hand
Extensor digitorum
Forearm
-finger extension
Gluteus maximus
Hips
-thigh extension
Gluteus medius
Hips
-Abducts thigh, rotates thigh- walking
Rectus femoris
Anterior thigh -extends leg and flexes thigh at hip
Vastus lateralis
Anterior thigh
-extends leg, stabilizes knee
Vastus medialis
Anterior thigh
-extends legs
Vastus intermedius
Anterior thigh
-extends leg
Biceps femoris
posterior thigh
-extends thigh, flexes leg, laterally rotates leg
Semitendinous
Posterior thigh
-extends thigh, flexes leg, medially rotates leg
Semimembranous
posterior thigh
-extends thigh, flexes leg and medially rotates leg
Tibial anterior
Leg
-Dorsiflexion of foot
Extensor digitorum longus
Leg
-toe extension
Fibularis longus
Leg
-plantar flexion and everts foot
gastrocemius
Leg
-plantar flexion
soleus
Leg
-plantar flexion