Bone Tissue Chapter Part 3

Bone Tissue Chapter Part 3 -- A&P Textbook

Diaphysis

-tubular shaft that runs between proximal and distal ends of bone
-walls made of compact bone

Medullary Cavity

hollow region in diaphysis filled with yellow marrow

Epiphysis

-wider section at end of bone
-filled with spongy bone -- has red marrow

Epiphyseal Plate

-located at metaphysis narrow area
-layer of cartilage in a growing bone
-when growing done, cartilage replaced by osseous tissue and plate becomes a line

Ednosteum

-delicate membranous lining in medullary cavity
-where bone growth, repair, and remodeling occurs

Periosteum

-outer surface of bone fibrous membrane
-has blood vessels, nerve, & lymphatic vessels that serve to nourish compact bone
-when tendons and ligaments attach

Articular Cartilage

-covers epiphyses region where joints are formed
-thin layer of cartilage that reduces friction
-shock absorber

Articulation

how two bone surfaces come together at the joint

Projection

-area of bone that projects a bone surface of bone
-where tendons and ligaments attach

Hole

-opening or groove in bone for blood vessels & nerves to enter bone

Osteoblast

-found in growing portions of bone -- periosteum & endosteum

Osteocyte

-located in a lacuna
-have no mitotic activity

Canaliculi

-channels in bone matrix used to communicate & get nutrients to osteoblast

Osteogenic cell

-bone stem cells
-high mitotic cells
-divide and differentiate into osteoblasts
-found in deep periosteum and marrow

Osteoclast

-found on bone surfaces & sites of bad bones
-multi nucleus

Compact Bone

-denser and stronger than spongy
-found under periosteum and in diaphysis of long bones that provide support for them

Osteon (Haversian System)

-structural unit of compact bone
-made of lamellae -- concentric rings of calcified matrix

Central Canal (Haversian Canal)

-runs down center of osteon
-has blood vessels and lymphatic vessels and nerves

Spongy Bone (Cancellous Bone)

-has osteocytes arranged in trabeculae to keep it strong and light

Paget's Disease

-overactive osteoclasts
-causes pain, bone fractures, bone deformities, headaches, hearing loss

Nutrient Foramen

-small opening in diaphysis for arteries to nourish spongy bone and medullary cavity