HOTUS I - CLEP - Colonial Period

When was Jamestown founded?

1607

Name the representative assembly for Jamestown (Virginia)

House of Burgesses (1619)

When did the Pilgrims land in pylmouth?

1620

Which colony was created as a refuge for Catholics?

Maryland (1632)

What Act (created in Maryland) guaranteed political rights to all Christians?

Act of Religious Toleration (1649)

Which colony had a majority population of black slaves?

South Carolina

First college founded in America

Harvard (1636)

Navigation Act: Shipping Limitation

Trade must only be in British or American Ships (75% American or British Crew)

What was the purpose of the Albany Congress

To create a united front of colonists against the French and Indians during the French and Indian War. Tried to create a treaty with the Mohawks and Iroquois Indians

Define the Treaty of Tordesillas

Treaty between Portugal and Spain dividing the world into 2 spheres of influence. Originally 100 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands.

In 1513, which Spanish Conquistador was the first to see the Pacific Ocean?

Vasco Nunez de Balboa.

In 1519, which Spanish Conquistador was responsible for the destruction of the Aztec Empire?

Hernando (Hernan) Cortes

Describe the Encomienda system

System of large manors or estates (encomiendas) with Indian salves (Indianos), ruthlessly managed for the benefit of the conquistadores.

Social level for those of Spanish parentage born in the New World?

Creoles

Social level for natives of Spain in the New World?

Peninsulares

Which system came after the Encomiendas System?

Hacienda System

Describe the Hacienda System

Large manors or estates developed by the Spanish under which African Slaves were imported to supply labor needs.

First European since the Vikings to reach Mainland North America in 1497

Italian John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto)

Hired by England

First settlement by England in Virginia?

Roanoke by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1587

Who was Richard Hakluyt?

Writer and promoter of settlement in the Americas. Created the good Indian bad Indian stereotype.

He has claim to be the first geopolitical strategist.

What company attempted to plant a colony in Maine in 1607?

Plymouth Company in 1607. Went bakrupt.

Which company founded Jamestown?

Virginia Company of London in 1607.

Virginia resident who discovered that a superior strain of tobacco native to the West Indies could be grown in Virginia.

John Rolfe

French explorer who followed the Mississippi River to its mouth in the Gulf of America (Mexico)

Sieur de la Salle in 1682

Name the first trading post founded by the French and by who?

Founded in Quebec by Samuel de Champlain in 1608.

Patroon System

A Dutch system where families that came to the new world got a peice of land if they brought over 50 people to settle New Amsterdam or Manhattan Island.

Mayflower Compact

A legal contract in which the Pilgrims under the leadership of William Bradford agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good in 1620.

Company founded by Pilgrims in 1629.

Massachusetts Bay Company

Leader who lead the Pilgrims to settle Massachusetts. These Pilgrims didn't experience a starving time.

John Winthrop

Founding of Rhode Island

Roger Williams in 1644 combined Providence, Portsmouth and other settlements into 1 colony. Had complete religious toleration.

Founding of Connecticut

Founded by Thomas Hooker in 1636, who had slight religious disagreements with the leadership of Massachusetts.

First Written Constitution in America

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)

New Hampshire

Simply settled as an overflow from massachusetts in 1677

How many years longer could a New Englander expect to live compared to a Briton and fellow colonist in the Chesapeake Bay.

15 - 20 years longer than a Briton

25 - 30 years longer than a Chesapeake Bay Colonist

Major industries of the New England Colonies

Ship building, trading, and fishing

Soil and climate not suitable to large-scale farming

Indenture System in the Chesapeake Colonies survival rates

40% of indentured servants in the Chesapeake region failed to survive long enough to gain their freedom.

Navigation Acts (1651-1673) Trade Stipulations (3)

1. Trade to and from colonies can only happen on British ships with 75% British or American crews

2. All goods/imports have to come through British ports

3. "Enumerated" goods colonies could only sell to England

"Enumerated" Item

Items that could only be exported to Britain from the Colonies. Drove the price of tobacco down.

Nathaniel Bacon

Led an uprising against Governor Berkeley which resulted in Jamestown being burned to the ground in 1674. He died of dysentery.

The Half-Way Covenant

A Puritan church document; In 1662, the Halfway Covenant allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church. Denounced in "jeremiads"

King Philip's War (First Indian War)

1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip.

Founding of Pennsylvania

Founded by William Penn, a Quaker, to provide protection for Quakers in 1681.

Founding of Delaware

A first, a part of Pennsylvania, was granted by Penn a separate legislature.

"Pennsylvania Dutch"

German-speaking Protestants who settled close to the frontier in Pennsylvania

Scotch-Irish, Scottish Presbyterians

Settled farther than the Germans (Pennsylvania Dutch) in Pennsylvania

Founding of Georgia

Founded by James Oglethorpe in 1732 as a philanthropic work for debtors to get a new start and as protection and a buffer between Spanish Florida.

2 Great Awakening revivalists

George Whitefield

Johnathan Edwards

Jonathan Edwards

"Old Lights"

People who rejected the great awakening

"New Lights"

People who accepted the great awakening

Treaty of Paris 1763 Ended What War.

1. French and Indian War.

2. France lost Canada, land east of the Mississippi, to Britain,

3. New Orleans and west of Mississippi to Spain

Name the Treaty that ended King Williams War (War of the League of Augsburg) 1689 - 1697

Ended by the Treaty of Ryswick in 1697 and reverted the colonial borders back to preware times.

Treaty that ended Queen Anne's War (War of Spanish Succession) 1702 - 1713

12 year long war Ended by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. Resulted in major territorial gains for Britain

Treaty that ended King George's War 1739 - 1748

War where American troops played an important role in fighting the French. Ended by the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748.

French and Indian War (Seven Years' War)

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.

Order of the Imperial Wars

1. French and Indian War

2. King William's War

3. Queen Ann's War

4. King George's War

3 Items of the Triangle Trade

1. Slaves (Africa)

2. Sugar (Latin America)

3. Rum (New England)

Paxton Boys’ march on Philadelphia

A 1764 protest by a group of frontiersmen from Pennsylvania against the colonial government's lenient policies toward Native Americans, highlighting tensions between settlers and Indigenous tribes.

Statutory Neglect

18th-century British policy that involved lax enforcement of trade laws (navigation acts) in the American colonies, allowing them a degree of autonomy as long as they remained loyal to Britain and contributed to its economy.

“New England" Colonies

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island

“Middle Colonies”

New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware.

“Southern Colonies”

Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland.

Native Indian population of the Western Hemisphere is estimated at?

80–100 million.