Unit 4 World vocab

Ferdinand Magellan

Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world. This proved that the earth could be circumnavigated

Mercantilism

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought

Encomienda

A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it. This helped the Spanish gain access to gold and other resources of the Americas

Mit'a System

Inca system of forced labor; young men required to devote a certain amount of labor to public works projects

Peninsulares

those who were born on the Iberian peninsula

Primogeniture Laws

English laws that only led eldest sons inherit land, leading younger sons to search for money via things like joint-stock companies.

trading post empire

one based in small outposts, rather than control of large territories; Portugal in the early 1500s

Galleons

heavily armed Spanish ships, what they used to transfer silver from Mexico to East Asia

Bartholomew Diaz

sailed around the southern tip of Africa (cape of good hope) in 1488

Vasco de Gama (Portugal)

First European to reach India by going around Africa; claimed territory was part of Portugal's Empire. Brought back spices to Portugal

Northwest Passage

a waterway through or around North America that would lead to East Asia. French, English and Dutch explorers all looked for this ( not really a real thing

Conquistadores

Spanish 'conqueror' or soldier in the New World. They were searching for the 3-G's: gold, God, and glory.

Treaty of Tordesillas

set the boundary established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas. Portugal got Brazil and Spain got the rest of South America

Indentured servants

Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years, usually 7 years

Middle Passage

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Joint-stock companies

owned by investors who bought stock or shares in them. High risks but also high rewards

Triangular Trade

A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa

Syncretism

the combining of different religious beliefs and practices

Viceroys

representatives of the Spanish monarch in Spain's colonial empire

Ana Nzinga

17th century Angolan queen who fought off the Portuguese colonizers by pretending to accept Christianity, but actually was partnered with their enemies, the Dutch, and also developed a powerful trade nation instead of waging internal war. She offered freedom to runaway slaves

Maroon Wars

Slaves in the Caribbean and former Spanish territories in the Americas fought to gain freedom in wars known as this

Glorious Revolution

aka the Bloodless Revolution; William of Orange took the English throne from James II in 1688. This strengthened the power of the Parliament

Serf

A person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord

Criollos

Spaniards born in the Americas.