Unit 1 Psych Exam Review

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Description and Tags

exploring social sciences

53 Terms

1

comte

first sociologist

defined sociology

most important contribution was positivism

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2

marx

conflict school

bourgeois and proletariat

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3

durkheim

theorist of structural functionalism

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4

anthropology

the study of mankind

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5

sociology

the study of society

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6

psychology

the study of the individual and the human mind

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7

positivism

rigidly apply the scientific method in order to obtain quantifiable data that can be used to evaluate society

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8

structural functionalism

purpose; to study how social structures function to serve the needs of society

society is best studied as an organic system like the human body

criticism; does not account for the destructive forces within society

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9

conflict school

to study how power forms the basis of relationships between different groups and creates social conflict

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10

feminist school

to study how power imbalance creates conflicts between genders

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11

symbolic interactionism

study the individuals role and place in the broader society and how they come to understand their society through both social interaction and individual interpretations of social systems and institutions

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12

chicago school

to study how the physical environment and social structures shape individual behaviour

builds on the concepts of symbolic interactionism

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13

weber

modified marxs conflict approach - too simplistic

professional class

believed in bureaucracies

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14

leaky

mentored and worked closely with jane goodall

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15

values

shared ideas and standards considered acceptable and binding

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16

norms

expectations about how people should behave in particular contexts

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17

roles

the expected behaviour of a person in a particular social position

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18

bourgeoise

the wealthy minority who owned the factories and means of production

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19

proletariat

the poor majority, working class who sell their labour

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20

physical anthropology

studies the biological development of the human species

sub disciplines; palaeontology primatology human variation

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21

cultural anthropology

study past and present cultures and look for cultural variation

sub disciplines; ethology linguistic anthropology archeology

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22

jane goodall

primatologist that demonstrated the direct link chimps have with human due to their evolutionary link

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23

darwin

established concept of natural selection to explain how plant and animals evolved

suggested humans first evolved in africa

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24

dart

discovered a skull quarry in south africa, first skull found was african origin

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25

primatology

the study of chimpanzees

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26

behavioural psychology/behaviourism

primary focus is on studying understanding and changing behaviour

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27

psychodynamic/psychoanalytic psychology

a school whose clinical approach to therapy focuses on resolving a patient’s conflicted conscious and unconscious feelings and memories

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28

cognitive psychology

the study and application of how the brain learns

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29

humanist psychology

a response to alleged limitations of psychoanalytic and behavioural psychology

emphasize the role of the client in clinical psychology

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30

skinner

operant conditioning

concerned with only observable behaviours, not the mental processes behind them

used rats and pigeons

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31

pavlov

classical conditioning

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32

freud

most famous and controversial psychologist

two major theories of psychology; psychoanalytic theory and psychosexual theory

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33

jung

former student of freud

disagreed with freud

founder of analytic psychology

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34

alder

a core psychoanalytic thinker

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35

maslow

one of the founders of humanist psychology

interested in studying people who are well

self- actualization

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36
  1. psychological needs

basic survival needs, physical well-being

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37
  1. security needs

security and protection needs from danger and fear

living a normal life of freedom

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38
  1. belonging needs

social needs, a sense of belonging, giving and receiving support, social acceptance and friendliness

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39
  1. esteem needs

self-esteem needs and a sense of integrity, personal satisfaction and social relevance/importance

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40
  1. self-actualization

the highest need, the strongest sense of self, a life full of meaning and fulfillment

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41

rogers

created clients centred therapy

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42

conscious mind

memories and feelings in our mind that we can recall

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43

unconscious mind

memories and feeling in our mind that we cannot recall

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44

id

the pleasure principle; to fulfill your immediate desire

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45

superego

moral compass principle; encourages you to make the right choice

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46

ego

reality principle; attempts to balance the id and superego rationally

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47

behavioural and classical conditioning

learning by association between a stimulus and a response, no new behaviour is learned

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48

operant conditioning

learning can be programmed and conditioned by introducing specific consequences to specific behaviours

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49

unconditioned response

the natural response to an unconditioned stimulus

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50

unconditioned stimulus

a stimulus that naturally triggers a response

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51

conditioned stimulus

an originally neutral stimulus that comes to trigger a conditioned response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus

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52

conditioned response

the learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

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53

defence mechanism

the egos way of distorting reality to deal with anxiety

the ego represses unacceptable memories thoughts and feelings by transferring them to the unconscious mind

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