rigidly apply the scientific method in order to obtain quantifiable data that can be used to evaluate society
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structural functionalism
purpose; to study how social structures function to serve the needs of society
society is best studied as an organic system like the human body
criticism; does not account for the destructive forces within society
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conflict school
to study how power forms the basis of relationships between different groups and creates social conflict
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feminist school
to study how power imbalance creates conflicts between genders
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symbolic interactionism
study the individuals role and place in the broader society and how they come to understand their society through both social interaction and individual interpretations of social systems and institutions
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chicago school
to study how the physical environment and social structures shape individual behaviour
builds on the concepts of symbolic interactionism
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weber
modified marxs conflict approach - too simplistic
professional class
believed in bureaucracies
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leaky
mentored and worked closely with jane goodall
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values
shared ideas and standards considered acceptable and binding
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norms
expectations about how people should behave in particular contexts
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roles
the expected behaviour of a person in a particular social position
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bourgeoise
the wealthy minority who owned the factories and means of production
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proletariat
the poor majority, working class who sell their labour
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physical anthropology
studies the biological development of the human species
sub disciplines; palaeontology primatology human variation
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cultural anthropology
study past and present cultures and look for cultural variation
sub disciplines; ethology linguistic anthropology archeology
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jane goodall
primatologist that demonstrated the direct link chimps have with human due to their evolutionary link
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darwin
established concept of natural selection to explain how plant and animals evolved
suggested humans first evolved in africa
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dart
discovered a skull quarry in south africa, first skull found was african origin
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primatology
the study of chimpanzees
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behavioural psychology/behaviourism
primary focus is on studying understanding and changing behaviour
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psychodynamic/psychoanalytic psychology
a school whose clinical approach to therapy focuses on resolving a patient’s conflicted conscious and unconscious feelings and memories
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cognitive psychology
the study and application of how the brain learns
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humanist psychology
a response to alleged limitations of psychoanalytic and behavioural psychology
emphasize the role of the client in clinical psychology
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skinner
operant conditioning
concerned with only observable behaviours, not the mental processes behind them
used rats and pigeons
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pavlov
classical conditioning
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freud
most famous and controversial psychologist
two major theories of psychology; psychoanalytic theory and psychosexual theory
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jung
former student of freud
disagreed with freud
founder of analytic psychology
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alder
a core psychoanalytic thinker
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maslow
one of the founders of humanist psychology
interested in studying people who are well
self- actualization
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1. psychological needs
basic survival needs, physical well-being
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2. security needs
security and protection needs from danger and fear
living a normal life of freedom
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3. belonging needs
social needs, a sense of belonging, giving and receiving support, social acceptance and friendliness
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4. esteem needs
self-esteem needs and a sense of integrity, personal satisfaction and social relevance/importance
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5. self-actualization
the highest need, the strongest sense of self, a life full of meaning and fulfillment
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rogers
created clients centred therapy
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conscious mind
memories and feelings in our mind that we can recall
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unconscious mind
memories and feeling in our mind that we cannot recall
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id
the pleasure principle; to fulfill your immediate desire
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superego
moral compass principle; encourages you to make the right choice
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ego
reality principle; attempts to balance the id and superego rationally
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behavioural and classical conditioning
learning by association between a stimulus and a response, no new behaviour is learned
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operant conditioning
learning can be programmed and conditioned by introducing specific consequences to specific behaviours
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unconditioned response
the natural response to an unconditioned stimulus
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unconditioned stimulus
a stimulus that naturally triggers a response
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conditioned stimulus
an originally neutral stimulus that comes to trigger a conditioned response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus
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conditioned response
the learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
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defence mechanism
the egos way of distorting reality to deal with anxiety
the ego represses unacceptable memories thoughts and feelings by transferring them to the unconscious mind
Studied by 25 people
