SWAG Midterm

First Wave Feminism

Took place in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, emerging out of an environment of urban industrialism and liberal, socialist politics. The goal of this wave was to open up opportunities for women, with a focus on suffrage.

Chapter 1: Harper and Stanton, different feminism ways.
Chapter 2: Stowe and Jacobs, one white writer, one black writer. Two different version of the slavery experience written for the public.
Chapter 3: Fletcher, assimilation of indigenous tribe’s viva settler feminism and severance. Zitkala-Ša, collectivizing and using the forced education to resist engulfment.

Second Wave Feminism

Took place in the 1960s and 1970s and focused on issues of equality and discrimination. Starting initially in the United States with American women, the feminist liberation movement soon spread to other Western countries.

Chapter 4: Margaret Sanger and Dr. Dorothy Ferebee on birth control, eugenics, and feminism.
Chapter 5: Pauli Murray and Betty Friedan, taking on feminism in the 1960s. Murray was for sex and race, while Friedan was for white middle class women.

Third Wave Feminism

Sought to question, reclaim, and redefine the ideas, words, and media that have transmitted ideas about womanhood, gender, beauty, sexuality, femininity, and masculinity.

Audre Lord

Suffragists

A person advocating that the right to vote be extended to more people, especially to women.

Patriarchy

A system of society or government in which men hold the power and women are largely excluded from it.

Gender Inequality

She social phenomenon in which people are not treated equally on the basis of gender. This inequality can be caused by gender discrimination or sexism.

Compulsory Heterosexuality

Is the theory that heterosexuality is assumed and enforced upon people by a patriarchal and heteronormative society. The term was popularized by Adrienne Rich in her 1980 essay

Gender

Gender refers to the characteristics of women, men, girls and boys that are socially constructed. This includes norms, behaviours and roles associated with being a woman, man, girl or boy, as well as relationships with each other.

Feminism

About all genders having equal rights and opportunities. It's about respecting diverse women's experiences, identities, knowledge and strengths, and striving to empower all women to realize their full rights.

Reproductive Rights

Legal rights and freedoms relating to reproduction and reproductive health.

Lavender Menace

An informal group of lesbian radical feminists formed to protest the exclusion of lesbians and their issues from the feminist movement at the Second Congress to Unite Women in New York City on May 1, 1970.

Seneca Falls Convention

The first women's rights convention. It advertised itself as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman". Held in the Wesleyan Chapel of the town of Seneca Falls, New York, it spanned two days over July 19–20, 1848.

Sojourner Truth

At the 1851 Women's Rights Convention held in Akron, Ohio, Sojourner Truth delivered what is now recognized as one of the most famous abolitionist and women's rights speeches in American history, “Ain't I a Woman?” She continued to speak out for the rights of African Americans and women during and after the Civil War.

Simone de Beauvoir

French writer, feminist, social theorist, and existential philosopher. She is best known for her groundbreaking ideas surrounding feminism; her book, The Second Sex, is said to mark the beginning of second wave feminism across the globe.

The Combahee River Collective

Introduced the idea of an interlocking system of oppression. It argued that various oppressions such as racism, sexism, heteronormativity, and classism are interrelated and must be addressed as a whole.

Betty Friedan

An American feminist writer and activist. A leading figure in the women's movement in the United States, her 1963 book The Feminine Mystique is often credited with sparking the second wave of American feminism in the 20th century.

N.O.W.

An American feminist organization. Among NOW's 28 founders was its first president, Betty Friedan. Advocated for women’s rights but excluded other women like lesbians.

Gloria Steinem

A writer, lecturer, political activist, and feminist organizer who became nationally recognized as a leader and a spokeswoman for the feminist movement in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

Our Bodies, Ourselves

A book about women's health and sexuality produced.

Roe v. Wade

The Supreme Court decided that the right to privacy implied in the 14th Amendment protected abortion as a fundamental right. However, the government retained the power to regulate or restrict abortion access depending on the stage of pregnancy.

Adrienne Rich

Adrienne Cecile Rich was an American poet, essayist and feminist. She was called "one of the most widely read and influential poets of the second half of the 20th century", and was credited with bringing "the oppression of women and lesbians to the forefront of poetic discourse"

Audre Lorde

Audre Lorde was an American writer, professor, philosopher, intersectional feminist, poet and civil rights activist.