ARCC PLN 3 (TOWN $ COUNTRY PLANNING)

1. Poverty

2. Inequality

3. Unemployment

3 EVILS OF

DEVELOPMENT

Planner

does the 2D Lay-out of the City

Economist & Engineer

BASIC PROFESSIONS that provide professional solutions

Government

Effort

(TOWN & COUNTRY PLANNING) Rationale

○ Avoid unnecessary implementation expenditures in terms of money, effort, and

time.

○ Enable a rational and sound basis for reclassifying land used consistent with legal,

environmental, sociological, political, and economic considerations that ensure its

smooth passage and approval by concerned national and local agencies.

○ Basis for enacting a zoning ordinance.

○ Allows the introduction of new trends in planning.

(TOWN & COUNTRY PLANNING) General Sense

○ It is a deliberate, self-conscious activity that usually involves persons trained.

○ Its goal and objectives, as well as the means.

○ Urban and regional planners themselves seldom lay out major alternatives and

recommendations.

○ Urban and regional planners employ a variety of specialized tools.

○ The results of most planning activities are discernible only 5-20 years after the

decision.

Town planning

is the art and the science of ordering the land uses and siting the building and communication routes to secure the maximum level of economy, convenience, and beauty. (KEEBLE)

PLANNING SYSTEM

1. Built Environment's changing characteristics

2. Nature of the Urban Society

development control

Planning law and its enforcement

Planners

flexible in applying planning standards when negotiating with the developer to get the best solution for a difficult situation.

production of city

development plans that determine which sites can be built in the first place

One of the main aspects of the town planner's work

society

Planner's "client"

planner

oiling the wheels of capitalism

UMPIRE (PLANNER'S ROLE)

Similar to that of a referee, who set out the pitch, resolved

conflict between opposing teams, and enforced the group rules, the framework of fair

play, within which the "game" of property development was played out.

technocrats

Planners saw themselves as powerful ______________ who could offer society answers

to all its problems based on what they saw as their advanced knowledge of the

science of town planning

ECONOMIC PLANNER

has always been seen, particularly by the labor government,

which favors a high level of state intervention as essential.

ENVIRONMENTAL WATCHDOG (PLANNER'S ROLE)

● GREEN MOVEMENT → concern about the natural environment depletion of the

planets' resources and the greenhouse effect

● In drawing up STATUTORY PLANS, the planners have to analyze the physical,

economic, and social factors which create and shape the demand for the different

types of land use and development, taking into account such issues as population,

employment, industry, transportation and housing demand.

CORPORATE MANAGER (PLANNER'S ROLE)

● The view of the planners as coordinator with a generalized overview of a complex

urban system. (1960s MACLOUGHLIN)

● In the private sector, planners have emerged as team leaders coordinating

specialist experts such as ecologists, highway engineers, and landscape architects.

● Australian Context → there is a stronger link between town planning and the

landscape architecture profession.

● Eastern Europe Context → The planner has had a traditional socialist role as a

decision maker and city manager, particularly in countries with no private property

market.

SOCIAL ENGINEER (PLANNER'S ROLE)

● Environmental determinism → seeking to influence and determine people's

behavior through the design and planning of the environment.

● Criticism

○ Planners have often been criticized for naively seeking to solve deep social

problems through physical use planning.

○ Achieve only superficial change as "tinkering with the superstructure" (BAILEY)

● IDEAL PLANNING SYSTEM → could be described as:

○ Can solve urgent problems here

○ How setting policies & goals for long term change

○ In cooperation with other policy making bodies → for wider social & economic

aspects of urban life