Music History 1 Q2

Renaissance period dates

Renaissance period dates

1400-1600

How was the new international style created

Composers from Northern Europe working in Italy

New rules were made for what device

Counterpoint

Predominant textures

Imitative counterpoint Homophony

Generated changes in music for Protestant and Catholic Churches

Reformation

Chiaroscuro

The balance between light and dark

humanism

the cultural movement of the Renaissance; one’s own experiences became important as well as the church

Characteristic of new music

Expansion of range Clarity of music structure (cadences) Single tonal center Personal style

Patronage

Getting paid for compositions

Text painting

Sing as the word you’re saying “Sigh movement while singing “sigh”

Martin Luther

1483-1546 Germany 95 theses Created New Evangelical/Lutheran

Lutheran Church Music

Lutheran Chorale Most important Strophic Acapella Unison Metered

Calvinist Church Music

Metrical Psalms Metered Strophic Biblical text

Anthems

English equivalent of motets Acapella Polyphonic

William Byrd

1540-1623 Most influential English composer of the renaissance Sing joyfully unto God 1580

Counter reformation

Catholics respond to the reformation

Council of Trent

In Italy during the counter reformation

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

1525-1594 Saved polyphony from the council of Trent O magnum Mysterium 1569

Franco-Flemish Composers

OGS: Johannesburg Ockeghem Antoine Busnoys Lots of masses, chansons, motets

Jacob Obrecht

1457-1505 Composed many songs in Dutch Clear candences and tonal center

Henricus Isaac

1450-1517 Composed for Lorenzo de Medici in Florence Homophonic Lieder Innsbruck ich muss rich Kassebaum 1485

Josquin des Prez

1450-1521 Lots of money “ Master of notes“ Motets Clear form and phrases Careful declamation of text Ave Maria

Josquin was first composer to

Use music to depict the meaning of the text

Ars Nova

Means new art New rhythm

Isorhythm

Equal rhythm, identical, in segments

Hocket

Two voices alternate in rapid succession

Guillame de Machaut

1300-1377 Importantly medieval composer Leading composer of the French Ars nova

Italian Trecento music

Refers to music in 1300’s

Squarcialupi codex

1410 Election of secular songs 354 Pretty

Caccia

Round

Francesco Landini

1325-1397 Important Used a lot of 3rds and 5ths Pretty music Non avra ma ports 1350

Landini Cadence

Francesco Landini Ti, la, do Under 3rd cadence

Polyphony

Voices sing together in independent parts Started as decoration

Free organum

Top moves note against note Chant in bottom voice Variety of intervals

Florid organum

Top moves freely Voices don’t move together

Aquitanian polyphony

Settings of chant had 2 styles: distant and florid organum

Discant

Move at same rate Top moves more

Early motets based on

Discant and sing during religious events

Style of English polyphony

Rota Rondellus Voice exchange Imperfect consonance

Norte dame polyphony

More ornate style of polyphony and contained more than 2 voices

Non avra ma pieta

1350 Francesco Landini 1325-1397 Salient ft: 3rds, 6ths Landini cadence

Innsbruck ich muss ditch lassen

1485 Henricus Isaac 1450-1517 Salient ft: lieder, German

Ave Maria…Virgo Serena

1485 Josquin de prez 1450-1521 Salient ft: thin texture, Latin text

Sing Joyfully unto God

1580 William Byrd 1540-1623 Salient ft: 6 voices, text painting, acapella

O magnum mysterium

1569 Palestrina 1525-1594 Salient ft: 6 voices, metric

Sumer is cumen in

ca 1260 Anonymous Salient ft: English polyphony, imitative polyphony