Music History 1 Q2

Renaissance period dates

1400-1600

How was the new international style created

Composers from Northern Europe working in Italy

New rules were made for what device

Counterpoint

Predominant textures

Imitative counterpoint
Homophony

Generated changes in music for Protestant and Catholic Churches

Reformation

Chiaroscuro

The balance between light and dark

humanism

the cultural movement of the Renaissance; one’s own experiences became important as well as the church

Characteristic of new music

Expansion of range
Clarity of music structure (cadences)
Single tonal center
Personal style

Patronage

Getting paid for compositions

Text painting

Sing as the word you’re saying
“Sigh movement while singing “sigh”

Martin Luther

1483-1546
Germany
95 theses
Created New Evangelical/Lutheran

Lutheran Church Music

Lutheran Chorale
Most important
Strophic
Acapella
Unison
Metered

Calvinist Church Music

Metrical Psalms
Metered
Strophic
Biblical text

Anthems

English equivalent of motets
Acapella
Polyphonic

William Byrd

1540-1623
Most influential English composer of the renaissance
Sing joyfully unto God 1580

Counter reformation

Catholics respond to the reformation

Council of Trent

In Italy during the counter reformation

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

1525-1594
Saved polyphony from the council of Trent
O magnum Mysterium 1569

Franco-Flemish Composers

OGS:
Johannesburg Ockeghem
Antoine Busnoys
Lots of masses, chansons, motets

Jacob Obrecht

1457-1505
Composed many songs in Dutch
Clear candences and tonal center

Henricus Isaac

1450-1517
Composed for Lorenzo de Medici in Florence
Homophonic
Lieder
Innsbruck ich muss rich Kassebaum 1485

Josquin des Prez

1450-1521
Lots of money
“ Master of notes“
Motets
Clear form and phrases
Careful declamation of text
Ave Maria

Josquin was first composer to

Use music to depict the meaning of the text

Ars Nova

Means new art
New rhythm

Isorhythm

Equal rhythm,
identical, in segments

Hocket

Two voices alternate in rapid succession

Guillame de Machaut

1300-1377
Importantly medieval composer
Leading composer of the French Ars nova

Italian Trecento music

Refers to music in 1300’s

Squarcialupi codex

1410
Election of secular songs
354
Pretty

Caccia

Round

Francesco Landini

1325-1397
Important
Used a lot of 3rds and 5ths
Pretty music
Non avra ma ports 1350

Landini Cadence

Francesco Landini
Ti, la, do
Under 3rd cadence

Polyphony

Voices sing together in independent parts
Started as decoration

Free organum

Top moves note against note
Chant in bottom voice
Variety of intervals

Florid organum

Top moves freely
Voices don’t move together

Aquitanian polyphony

Settings of chant had 2 styles: distant and florid organum

Discant

Move at same rate
Top moves more

Early motets based on

Discant and sing during religious events

Style of English polyphony

Rota
Rondellus
Voice exchange
Imperfect consonance

Norte dame polyphony

More ornate style of polyphony and contained more than 2 voices

Non avra ma pieta

1350
Francesco Landini 1325-1397
Salient ft: 3rds, 6ths
Landini cadence

Innsbruck ich muss ditch lassen

1485
Henricus Isaac 1450-1517
Salient ft: lieder, German

Ave Maria…Virgo Serena

1485
Josquin de prez 1450-1521
Salient ft: thin texture, Latin text

Sing Joyfully unto God

1580
William Byrd 1540-1623
Salient ft: 6 voices, text painting, acapella

O magnum mysterium

1569
Palestrina 1525-1594
Salient ft: 6 voices, metric

Sumer is cumen in

ca 1260
Anonymous
Salient ft: English polyphony, imitative polyphony