MLT 111 Exam 2 (Ch. 5 & 6 )

What is the order of bilirubin metabolism?

Heme—blank—Stercobilin

Biliverdin - unconjugated bilirubin (liver), conjugated bilirubin - urobilinogen (intestines)

What is the value of renal threshold?

160-180 mg/dL

Which of the three ketones bodies is not detected with reagent strips?

beta hydroxybutyric acid

For leukocyte esterase the reagent strip tests for…?

enzymes from WBC

A random urine specimen and plasma glucose test that are to be drawn and collected at the same time can be used to confirm:

Glomerulonephritis

Fanconi's syndrome

Nonpathogenic glycosuria

Urinary tract infection

Nonpathogenic glycosuria

A spotted reaction on the reagent strip reaction for blood can indicate:

Myoglobinuria

Hematuria

Porphyrinuria

Hemoglobinuria

Hematuria

Failure to blot the edge of the reagent strip may result in errors in color interpretation caused by:

Run over

Excess dilution

Chemical concentration

Reagent leaching

Run over

Microalbumin tests are frequently used to screen patients with:

Diabetes insipidus

Fanconi's syndrome

Diabetes mellitus

Porphyrinuria

Diabetes mellitus

Quality control on reagent strips must be performed whenever a/an:

New bottle of strips is opened

Different person performs the test

Abnormal result is obtained

Student is training in the laboratory

New bottle of strips is opened

Reagent strip reactions for blood are based on the:

Oxidation of hemoglobin peroxidase

Reduction of a chromogen by hemoglobin

Reaction of hemoglobin with bromothymol blue

Peroxidase activity of hemoglobin

Peroxidase activity of hemoglobin

Tests for nitrite tend to be positive:

When gram-positive bacteria are present

When a renal transplant rejection occurs

When gram-negative bacteria are present

When the urine sits in the bladder for less than 2 hours

When gram-negative bacteria are present

The chemical principle of the reagent strip test for bilirubin is that bilirubin:

Is oxidized to biliverdin

Combines with a diazonium salt to form a colored complex

Causes a pH change detected by the reagent pad indicator

Causes a color change when it binds to a buffered pH indicator

Combines with a diazonium salt to form a colored complex

The normal range of urine pH is:

4.5 to 6.0

4.5 to 9.0

4.5 to 8.0

5.0 to 7.0

4.5 to 8.0

The principle of the reagent strip test for protein is the:

pH effect on bromothymol blue

Acid precipitation of protein

Protein "error of indicators"

Salting out of proteins

Protein "error of indicators"

The pseudoperoxidase reaction is the principle for the reagent strip test(s) for:

Nitrite

Urobilinogen

Specific gravity

Blood

Blood

The reagent strip test for ketones may detect the urinary presence of:

Acetoacetic acid and acetone

Acetone and beta-hydroxybutyric acid

Beta-hydroxybutyric acid and diacetic acid

Acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid

Acetoacetic acid and acetone

The substance that produces the brown color associated with normal feces is:

Conjugated bilirubin

Urobilinogen

Unconjugated bilirubin

Stercobilin

Stercobilin

What can cause a test on a yellow-green urine specimen from a jaundiced patient to be negative for bilirubin?

Bilirubin oxidized to biliverdin

Presence of iodine

Bilirubin reduced to urobilinogen

Glucose interference

Bilirubin oxidized to biliverdin

The urinalysis result most closely associated with renal disease is a positive:

Protein

Bilirubin

Glucose

Nitrite

Protein

diazo-

leukocyte

Greiss-

nitrate

Ehrich-

urobilinogen

Tetra-

Protein

bromo meth-

pH

pseudo pero-

blood

bromo-

SG (specific gravity)

Prussied-

ketones

enzyme

WBC

Ico-

bilirubin

Ace-

ketones

Protein-

SSA (sulfosalicylic acid)

Port wine color

porphyrins

myoglobin (uria)

brownish red

Infection

Green

A clinically significant cause of turbidity is:

a. mucus

b. lipids

c. amorphous urates

d. Squamous epithelial cells

Lipids

A patient who has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (excessive glucose in urine) will produce urine with:

a. Increased volume and increased specific gravity

b. Increased volume and decreased specific gravity

c. Decreased volume and increased specific gravity

d. Decreased volume and decreased specific gravity

Increased volume and increased specific gravity

A specific gravity was performed by the refractometer and the reagent strip method. The refractometer reading was 1.033 and the reagent strip was 1.010. The difference in the two readings is caused by:

a. Refractometer error

b. Clinical laboratory scientist error

c. Refractometer measures only nonionizing substances

d. Reagent strip measures any substance in urine

Refractometer measures only nonionizing substances

A urine specimen that turns black after standing may contain:

a. Myoglobin

b. Carboxyhemoglobin

c. Porphobilinogen (port wine color)

d. Homogentisic acid

Homogentisic acid

An antidiuretic deficiency (ADH issues, diabetes insipidus SG?) is associated with a:

a. Specific gravity close to 1.025

b. Low specific gravity

c. Variable specific gravity

d. High specific gravity

Low specific gravity

If a refractometer reads 1.003 with distilled water, the medical laboratory scientist should:

Use a reagent strip to measure the specific gravity

Calibrate the refractometer by adjusting the set screw

Add 0.003 to the specimen results

Subtract 0.003 from the specimen results

Calibrate the refractometer by adjusting the set screw

Slightly warming a turbid urine specimen may dissolve:

Amorphous urates

Radiographic contrast media

Talcum powder

Amorphous phosphate

Amorphous urates

Specimens that contains intact RBC’s can be visually distinguished from specimens that contain hemoglobin because:

Intact red blood cells produce a cloudy specimen

Intact red blood cells are rapidly converted to hemoglobin

Hemoglobin produces a cloudy pink specimen

Hemoglobin produces a brighter red color

Intact red blood cells produce a cloudy specimen

The color of a urine specimen containing blood can be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT the:

Amount of blood

Length of contact

pH of the urine

Blood type of patient

Blood type of the patient

The presence of a white precipitate in freshly voided urine can be caused by:

acid 1-4 ; alkaline 9-14pH

Amorphous urates in alkaline urine

Amorphous phosphates in acid urine

Amorphous phosphates in alkaline urine

Amorphous urates in acid urine

Amorphous phosphates in alkaline urine

The refractive index compares:

Light scattering by particles in solutions

Light scattering by air with light scattering by solutions

Light velocity in solutions with light velocity in solids

Light velocity in air with light velocity in solutions

Light velocity in air with light velocity in solutions

Quality control must be…

Ran once every 24 hours. 

Run once a week

Run only when a new bottle is opened

Run using distilled water

Ran once every 24 hours. 

A urine specimen that turns black after standing may contain:

Myoglobin

Porphobilinogen

Carboxyhemoglobin

Homogentisic acid

Homogentisic acid

Urine from a patient diagnosed with hepatitis will appear:

a. red

b. amber

c. pale yellow

amber

The urinalysis result most closely associated with renal disease is a positive:
Protein

Glucose

Bilirubin

Nitrite

Protein

Specimens that contain intact red blood cells can be visually distinguished from specimens that contain hemoglobin because:

Intact red blood cells are rapidly converted to hemoglobin

Intact red blood cells produce a cloudy specimen

Hemoglobin produces a brighter red color

Hemoglobin produces a cloudy pink specimen

Intact red blood cells produce a cloudy specimen

What test removes all substances withing the urine sample except glucose to test for metabolism errors? It can only be run for patients 2 years old & under.

Clinitests

The confirmatory test for protein?

SSA (Sulfosalicylic Acid)

The confirmatory test for bilirubin?

Icotest

The confirmatory test for ketones?

Acetest