History and Evolution of Public Administration in the Philippines

Flashcards covering the history and evolution of public administration in the Philippines.

Public Administration in the Philippines

Administration of government policies, programs, and projects carried out by public officials and civil servants to achieve development goals and improve the quality of life.

Government Policies

Official decisions or guiding principles adopted by the government to address specific issues.

Universal Health Care Act (RA 11223)

Policies are official decisions or guiding principles adopted by the government to address specific issues like quality healthcare.

K-12 Education Policy

Policies are official decisions or guiding principles adopted by the government to address specific issues by the addition of two years to align with internatinal standards.

"Build, Build, Build" Policy

Policies are official decisions or guiding principles adopted by the government to address specific issues, like an infrastructure development strategy to boost economic growth.

National Climate Change Action Plan

Policies are official decisions or guiding principles adopted by the government to address specific issues through a framework for addressing climate-related risks and promoting sustainable development.

Anti-Red Tape Act (RA 9485, amended by RA 11032)

Policies are official decisions or guiding principles adopted by the government to address specific issues to improve efficiency in government transactions and reduce corruption.

Government Programs

Organized sets of activities or services designed to achieve policy goals.

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)

Government Programs are organized sets of activities or services designed to achieve policy goals to support a conditional cash transfer program for poor households to improve people's health, nutrition, and education.

PhilHealth Insurance Program

Government Programs are organized sets of activities or services designed to achieve policy goals by providing affordable health insurance coverage to Filipinos, especially the poor.

TESDA Skills Training and Scholarships

Government Programs are organized sets of activities or services designed to achieve policy goals to give technical education and skills development for employability and livelihood.

National Greening Program

Government Programs are organized sets of activities or services designed to achieve policy goals by reforestation and environmental protection initiative.

Balik Probinsya, Bagong Pag-asa Program

Government Programs are organized sets of activities or services designed to achieve policy goals to encourage urban dwellers to return to their provinces by providing livelihood support.

Government Projects

Specific undertakings or constructions often under a program or policy.

Metro Manila Subway Project

Government projects are specific undertakings or constructions often under a program or policy to build the first underground railway system in the country, under the "Build, Build, Build" initiative.

New Clark City Development

Government projects are specific undertakings or constructions often under a program or policy to develop smart, green, and disaster-resilient cities in Central Luzon.

Farm-to-Market Roads

Government projects are specific undertakings or constructions often under a program or policy to improve access for farmers and reduce transportation costs.

Free Wi-Fi for All Project

Government projects are specific undertakings or constructions often under a program or policy to provide internet access in public places to bridge the digital divide.

Housing Projects for Informal Settlers

Government projects are specific undertakings or constructions often under a program or policy to implement building such as those under the National Housing Authority (NHA).

Decentralization

Gives local government units (LGUS) more power and responsibility.

People-centered governance

Focused on citizen participation, transparency, and accountability.

Development-oriented

Linked to nation-building and socio-economic progress.

Cultural and historical influence

Shaped by colonial legacies (Spanish, American), traditional practices, and evolving democratic values.

Bureaucratic system

Managed primarily by the Philippine Civil Service Commission and guided by principles of merit and fitness.

Civil Service Commission (CSC)

Ensures that government employees in the Philippines are qualified, professional, and accountable -from hiring to retirement.

Barangay system

Small, independent communities led by a Datu.

Public administration in Pre-Colonial Period

Custom-based, informal, and centered on kinship, oral traditions, and personal rule.

Spanish Colonial Period

Centralized administration under Spanish monarchy, where bureaucracy was used as a tool for centralized control, with limited local autonomy.

American Colonial Period

Introduction of modern bureaucracy and civil service system, with local autonomy.

Philippine Commission

Had broad powers, including the authority to make rules and laws, raise revenue through taxes, appropriate public funds, and enact legislation related to various aspects of government.

Post-Independence Period (1946–1972)

Building a Filipino-led bureaucracy with a focus on nation-building, economic planning, and capacity building.

Martial Law and Centralization (1972–1986)

Marcos administration centralized power and weakened checks and balances;was created to focus on efficiency with limited democratic accountability.

Presidential Decree system

A law or a rule made by the President to address specific situations.

Presidential Decrees (PDS)

Mainly issued during martial law, when the president could create laws without congressional approval.

Republic Acts (RA)

Passed by Congress and signed by the President

Executive Orders (EOS)

Issued by the President to direct government agencies

Post-EDSA Period and Democratic Reforms (1986–Present)

Reinforced democratic institutions and decentralization and focused on good governance, transparency and accountability, and people empowerment.

Local Government Code of 1991

Greater autonomy for LGUs.