Chapter 7 Honors Bio Vocab

Prokaryotic Cells

The smallest and simplest cell which evolved first and doesn’t contain DNA in its nucleus.

Eukaryotic Cells

The larger and more complex cells that contain DNA in the nucleus.

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

These two cells contain a cell membrane, Ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA and RNA but in different locations.

Vacuoles

Sac-like structures responsible for storing water and other materials in plant cells, but in animal cells help hide waste products and are generally smaller.

Nucleus

Stores and contains a cell’s DNA in the form of chromatin

Mitochondria

Produces energy, converting chemical energy found in food into a form in which a cell can use. The mitochondria also contains its own DNA.

Ribosomes

Produce Proteins

Golgi Aperartus

Sorts and transports proteins for transport outside of a cell. 

Cytoplasm

A gel-like substance responsible for holding the organelles in place. 

Endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth ER contains enzymes responsible for producing lipids and the Rough ER (studded with ribosomes) produces and transports lipids and proteins. 

Lysosomes

Sacs that are membrane bound containing digestive enzymes, digesting food and getting rid of unwanted cell parts.

Chloroplasts

responsible for capturing solar energy and converting it into chemical energy known as glucose during a process known as photosynthesis. (Found in plant cells and contains its own DNA).

Cell Wall

Made of cellulose, cell walls exist outside of the cell membrane in prokaryotic cells responsible for supporting the shape of a cell (only found in plant cells).

Cell Membrane

Consists of a double layer of fat - phospholipid bilayer used to separate a cell from the outside, maintaining homeostasis, controls what enters & leaves a cell, and allows for communication between cells via signals.  

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

B

Cytoplasm

C

Golgi Apparatus

D

Nucleolus