Earth Science Review: Theories, Solar System Formation, Earth's Subsystems, Minerals & Rocks, Energy Sources, and Branches

Flashcards cover theories of universe origin, solar system formation, Earth's subsystems, minerals & rocks, energy sources, and branches of Earth science.

What theory proposes that the universe was created by a divine being?

Divine creation theory

What is the 'Rigveda theory' in theories on the origin of the universe?

Rigveda theory – cosmological ideas derived from the Rigveda about the creation of the universe.

What is the 'Atomic universe' theory?

Atomic universe – a theory proposing the universe originated from atomic-scale processes.

What is the 'Stoic universe' theory?

Stoic universe – an ancient philosophical view of the cosmos as an ordered, rational system.

What is the Geocentric universe?

Geocentric universe – Earth-centered model where Earth is at the center and celestial bodies orbit it.

What is the Heliocentric universe?

Heliocentric universe – Sun-centered model of the solar system.

What does the Static, steady-state, infinite universe imply?

Static/steady-state/infinite universe – models proposing an unchanging large-scale universe that is infinite in extent.

What is the Cartesian vortex model of the universe?

Cartesian vortex model – theory describing the universe as vortices of matter.

What is the Einsteinian universe?

Einsteinian universe – universe described by general relativity, with curved spacetime.

What is the Big Bang theory?

Big Bang theory – the universe began from a hot, dense state and expanded over time.

What is the Oscillating universe?

Oscillating universe – model in which the universe undergoes cycles of expansion and contraction.

What is the Steady state theory?

Steady state theory – universe looks the same over time due to continuous creation of matter.

What is the Inflationary universe?

Inflationary universe – rapid exponential expansion in the early universe.

What is the Multiverse concept?

Multiverse – hypothesis that our universe is one of many possible universes.

In solar system formation, what does 'P' stand for?

Protoplanet

In solar system formation, what does 'E' represent?

Encounter

In solar system formation, what does 'N' stand for?

Nebular

What does the geosphere include?

Rocks, minerals, and landforms.

What does the hydrosphere encompass?

All water on Earth (about 70% coverage).

What is the cryosphere?

Permanently frozen water (ice caps, glaciers).

What is the atmosphere?

Mixture of gases surrounding Earth.

What is the biosphere?

All living things.

Which mineral class has the formula SiO2?

Silicates.

Which mineral class has Fe2O3?

Oxides.

Which mineral class has FeS2?

Sulfides.

Which mineral class has CaSO4?

Sulfates.

Which mineral class has CaF2?

Halides.

Which mineral class has CaCO3?

Carbonates.

What are native metals?

Minerals consisting of a single metal element.

What are the three main rock classifications?

Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary.

Which energy source comes from the Sun?

Solar energy.

Which energy source uses Earth's internal heat?

Geothermal energy.

Which energy source uses flowing water to generate electricity?

Hydroelectric energy.

Which energy source involves energy from atomic nuclei?

Nuclear energy.

What does GOMA stand for in branches of Earth science?

Geology, Oceanography, Meteorology, Astronomy.