World History Imperialism Unit Test

Imperialism

Imperialism

The policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Colonialism

The practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.

Great Britain

A country that had the largest colonial empire, including India and South Africa, driven by economic interests like gold and textiles.

Maxim machine gun

A weapon that had a significant impact on colonialism, giving European powers an advantage in conquest.

Sepoy Rebellion

A revolt against the British East India Company's rule in India, leading to the British government taking direct control.

Nationalism

A sense of pride and devotion to one's nation, often leading to movements for independence or self-governance.

Social Darwinism

The application of Darwin's theory of natural selection to human societies, used to justify imperialism and racism.

British Raj

The period of British rule in India after the Sepoy Rebellion, characterized by "Divide and Rule" policies.

Mahatma Gandhi

A leader of the Indian independence movement who advocated for nonviolent civil disobedience.

Apartheid

A system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa, enforced by the National Party through laws like the Population Registration Act and Pass Laws.

Savages

A term historically used by Europeans to describe indigenous peoples, often portraying them as uncivilized and inferior.

Industrial Revolution

Period of rapid industrial growth in Europe and the United States from the late 18th to early 19th century. Characterized by advancements in technology, manufacturing, and transportation, leading to urbanization and significant social and economic changes.

Capitalism

Economic system based on private ownership, free market competition, profit motive, and minimal government intervention.

Mughal Empire

A powerful empire in the Indian subcontinent from 1526 to 1857, known for its cultural achievements, including architecture, art, and literature.

British East India Company

• British trading company

• Established in 1600

• Controlled India's trade

• Led to British colonial rule

• Dissolved in 1874

Sepoys

Indian soldiers serving in the British East India Company's army. They played a significant role in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against British colonial rule.

Cash crops

Agricultural goods grown for sale and profit rather than personal consumption. They include crops like cotton, tobacco, and sugar cane.

British Interest in India (textiles)

British fascination with Indian textiles led to the establishment of the East India Company and later British colonial rule in India.

History of Indian Railways

Supported by a few powerful groups, the British cotton manufacturers used these for a cheap and quick way to get cotton to the coast for shipment to England. The colonial officials saw this as a way to move soldiers quickly to trouble spots and saw it was an essential part of the Indian postal system.

History of Indian Telecommunications

The invention made it possible to communicate with people far away in very little time. At first, these technologies were only used for governmental and business reasons. The British put up lines all over the country connecting their military posts so they could send information about needed supplies or emergencies.

Westernization

The process of adopting Western culture, values, and practices, often influenced by Western countries like the United States and European nations.

Divide and Rule

A strategy where a group is kept divided to maintain power and control over them. It creates conflict and prevents unity among the members.

Indian National Congress

• Founded in 1885

• Oldest political party in India

• Played a key role in the independence movement

• Led by figures like Gandhi and Nehru

Muslim League

Political party founded in 1906 in British India to represent the interests of Muslims. Played a key role in the creation of Pakistan in 1947.

Swaraj

They wanted independent rule (not on the test)

Rowlatt acts

Allowed the British to imprison indefinitely without trial and prohibited "suspects" from gathering in public

Amritsar Massacre

Occurred during a protest in 1919. 1,000 Muslims and Hindus went to Amritsar, India to protest the Rowlatt Act.

Salt March

A demonstration against the British Salt Acts where Gandi and his followers marched 240 miles to make their own salt in the ocean. Others demonstrate in front of salt mill. They are beaten but do not resist. 60,000 are arrested.

Homespun Movement

• protest in India lead by Gandhi, against British control of textiles in India.

• Indians stopped wearing clothes made from British cloth and started making their own

Quit India Movement

In August 1942, Gandhi famously proclaimed the words “We shall either free India or die in the attempt, we shall not live to see the perpetuation of our slavery.” This movement was a mass attempt at civil disobedience which demanded an end to the British rule in India.

Partition of India

India was separated into 2 countries Pakistan for Muslims and India for Hindus

Pakistan

This country will become the other country that is formed from the partition of India, where the Muslims of India would make their own nation.