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Hypertonic Solution
A solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell. Causes water to leave the cell, leading to cell shrinkage (crenation in animal cells).
Hypotonic Solution
A solution with a lower solute concentration than the cell. Causes water to enter the cell, leading to cell swelling and potential lysis (bursting) in animal cells.
Isotonic Solution
A solution with the same solute concentration as the cell. Results in no net water movement, and the cell volume remains stable.
Hyper-osmotic Solution
A solution with a higher total solute concentration (and lower water concentration) compared to another solution.
Hypo-osmotic Solution
A solution with a lower total solute concentration (and higher water concentration) compared to another solution.
Iso-osmotic Solution
Two solutions that have the same total solute concentration (and same water concentration).