Period 7 Vocab

Atlanta Compromise

Booker T. Washington’s speech urging African Americans to work hard and earn goodwill in White communities.

direct primary

A political reform allowing party members to directly vote for candidates instead of through delegates.

initiative

A proposed law placed on the ballot by public petition.

muckrakers

Investigative journalists highlighting social issues and advocating for public action.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, a civil rights group formed in 1909.

New Freedom

Woodrow Wilson’s 1912 election platform advocating for a small federal government.

New Nationalism

Theodore Roosevelt’s 1912 campaign platform favoring a powerful federal government.

Niagara Movement

A campaign led by W. E. B. Du Bois demanding immediate equality for African Americans.

Progressive Party

A political party started by Theodore Roosevelt and progressive Republicans in 1912.

Progressivism

A movement between 1896 and 1916 aimed at addressing urbanization and corruption.

recall

The process of removing a public official from office by petition and vote.

referendum

A process allowing voters to approve or reject existing legislation.

Silent Sentinels

Women who protested at the White House advocating for women's voting rights.

Square Deal

The term for Theodore Roosevelt’s approach to an active government involvement.

Taylorism

A factory efficiency system emphasizing standardization and repetitive tasks.

Wisconsin Idea

A political system promoting progressive reforms and expert advice in Wisconsin.

Wobblies

Nickname for the Industrial Workers of the World, a radical labor organization.

Anti-Imperialist League

A group protesting against American empire building formed in 1898.

dollar diplomacy

Taft’s foreign policy using economic power for favorable foreign relations.

Frontier Thesis

Turner’s idea that the American democracy was shaped by the frontier experience.

Open Door notes

Hay's notes advocating equal trading rights in China for all nations.

Roosevelt Corollary

Roosevelt's assertion of U.S. military intervention as a police power in Latin America.

Rough Riders

The cavalry unit led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War.

Seward’s Folly

The derogatory term for the acquisition of Alaska by Secretary Seward.

sphere of influence

Areas in China targeted by foreign powers for economic exploitation.

yellow journalism

Sensationalist journalism that exaggerates news to attract readers.

clear and present danger

The legal standard established by Holmes for limiting free speech during wartime.

Fourteen Points

Wilson’s plan for postwar peace promoting openness in diplomacy and free trade.

Harlem Hellfighters

The decorated 369th Infantry, an all-Black unit in World War I.

Irreconcilables

Republicans opposing the Treaty of Versailles completely.

League of Nations

Wilson’s proposed organization for promoting global peace and cooperation.

liberty bonds

War bonds sold to finance the war effort, encouraging public purchase.

neutrality

Wilson's policy of maintaining commercial relationships with all wartime belligerents.

prohibition

The campaign to ban the sale and manufacture of alcoholic beverages.

Red Scare

The fear of a Communist revolution in the U.S. following World War I.

Red Summer

The summer of 1919 characterized by race riots in northern cities.

Reservationists

Republicans who supported the Treaty of Versailles with amendments.

Zimmermann telegram

A message proposing a German-Mexican alliance against the U.S.

bootlegging

The illegal transport of alcoholic beverages during Prohibition.

expatriate

A person living outside their native country.

flapper

A young woman who embraced the new freedoms and fashions of the 1920s.

Hollywood

The center of American film production that emerged due to favorable conditions.

Lost Generation

Writers disillusioned by World War I who critiqued contemporary society.

Model T

The affordable car produced by Ford through assembly-line production.

moving assembly line

A manufacturing approach where products move past workers at their stations.

nativism

The preference for native customs over outside influences.

Negro nationalism

The belief in a separate national identity for African Americans.

new morality

The permissive social attitudes adopted by many in the 1920s.

return to normalcy

Warren Harding’s campaign promise to restore pre-war conditions.

Scopes Monkey Trial

The trial disputing the teaching of evolution in public schools.

Second Ku Klux Klan

A national movement promoting racism, nativism, and religious intolerance.

Teapot Dome scandal

The bribery scandal involving Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall.

American individualism

The belief that success stems from personal effort without government help.

bank run

A mass withdrawal of deposits from a bank due to instability fears.

Black Tuesday

The day of the stock market crash on October 29, 1929.

Bonus Army

WWI veterans who marched for early payment of bonuses in 1932.

Clark Memorandum

Hoover’s statement renouncing the Roosevelt Corollary of military intervention.

Dust Bowl

The region affected by drought and over-farming during the Great Depression.

Scottsboro Boys

Nine African American boys wrongly accused of rape in a controversial trial.

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

Tariff increase meant to protect American industry but worsened the economy.

speculation

Investing in high-risk ventures for potential quick profits.

Brains Trust

Advisors to President Roosevelt providing solutions to national issues.

Civilian Conservation Corps

A program providing jobs for young men in environmental projects.

interregnum

The period between a presidential election and inauguration.

Social Security

Programs providing support for the vulnerable, such as the unemployed and elderly.

Supreme Court Packing Plan

Roosevelt's proposal to add justices to the Supreme Court.

Tennessee Valley Authority

Federal agency focusing on regional development and power.

Works Progress Administration

A program providing jobs and infrastructure improvements during the Great Depression.

appeasement

The policy of conceding to aggressors to prevent further demands.

Big Three

The leaders of the major Allied powers during World War II.

conscientious objectors

Individuals refusing military service due to ethical beliefs.

D-day

The Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944.

Double V campaign

African American campaign for victory against the enemy and racism.

Enola Gay

The aircraft that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima.

Executive Order 9066

Order to relocate Japanese Americans during World War II.

Fascism

A political ideology emphasizing national unity through authoritarianism.

internment

The forced relocation of Japanese Americans during World War II.

Manhattan Project

The secret project developing the atomic bomb during World War II.

materiel

Military equipment and supplies.

Rosie the Riveter

A symbol representing women in wartime labor.

zoot suit

A stylish outfit popular among young men during the 1940s.