foreign policy

1958 immigration uk

210,000 commonwealth immigrants had settled

75% were men working to support family back home

1950s immigration

676,000 immigrants entered

lost 1.32 million citizens

1960s immigration

1.25 million immigrants entered

1.92 million citizens left

oswald mosley

• right wing fasicts, tory and labour MP

• august 1858-violent outbreaks in London (notting hill)

special relationship america economical issues

• 1947- britian declared they would be bankrupt without help - would be forced to withdraw troops

• loaf of $6000 million from USA

• UK increased defence spending from £2.3 million to £4.7  billion for USA

korean war

• 1950- North invaded USSR and China invaded South, US sent troops

• UK sent over 90,000 men

• 1953- ceasefire agreed

• 1000 Britian troops died

Debate over nuclear deterrent

• 1952- Churchil continued policy and tested first nuclear bomb

• 1957- UK tested its first hydrogen bomb

• 1958- 8000 people in march based at Aldermaston

• 1958-US agreed to share nuclear secrets with UK under mutual defence act

• 1960-UK abandoned rocket project due to costs

Burgess and Maclean affair

• highly placed officers in British intelligent who defected to soviet union

• worried America who became less willing to share information

suez canal importance

• french used egyption forced labour to build (120,000 died)

• 75% of ships in first year were british

• 1870-Britian brought 44% of shows from egyption authorities

• 1955- 2/3 of oil passed through

• 2005-2006-$3246 million

• 2005- 18,193 ships passed through

suez canal crisis (1956)

• 1955 - nasr nationalised canal

• oct 1956 - israel invade, french and british and UN send troops

• nov 1956- british told troops to withdraw

impacts of suez canal crisis

• uk embarassed

• uk no longer powerful

• 1957- eden resigned

schuman policy (1950)

• established ECSC (european coal and steel community) - intergrated French and german heavy industry

• foundation of EEC

Messina (1955)

• initial talks held at a conferance in Messina, Italy to establish an official community of nations

treaty of rome (1957)

• agreement developed at treaty of rome without Britian

• EEC born

EFTA(1959)

• Britian formed it

• moderately successful

British application to EEC (1961)

• macmillan applied

• french president charles de gaul vetoed application (1963)

de-colinisation

1947- india, pakistan

1957- Ghana, malaysia

1958- west indies

1960- nigeria, cyprus

1962- uganda

1963- kenya

1965 - the gambia

mau mau rebellion

• 1962 - broke out in kenya

• inequality in land distribution led to kikuya forced tofind work in cities

• 1948 - 1,250,00 kikuyu restricted to 2000 square miles

• 30,000 british settlers occupied 12,000 square miles

winds of change

• aim was to put down rebellion

• 1960-macmillan did speech in cape town : claimed for decolinisation and recognition of independance movement

• promoted majority rule

• macmillan urged south africa to move towards racial equality