CHEM1211 - Solubility Rules & Oxidation States

Salt

An ionic compound made from the neutralization of an acid with a base

Salts w/ Na +

Soluble

Salts w/ K +

Soluble

Salts w/ NH4 + (Ammonium)

Soluble

Salts w/ NO3 - (Nitrate)

Soluble

Salts w/ ClO3 - (Chlorate)

Soluble

Salts w/ ClO4 - (Perchlorate)

Soluble

Salts w/ CH3CO2 - (Acetate)

Soluble

Salts w/ Cl -

Soluble except for: PMS

Salts w/ Br -

Soluble except for: PMS

Salts w/ I -

Soluble except for: PMS

Salts w/ F -

Soluble except for: Castro Bear, Mg2+, Pb2+

Salts w/ SO4 -2 (Sulfate)

Soluble except for: PMS and Castro Bear

Salts w/ CO3 -2 (Carbonate)

Insoluble except for: Group 1 and NH4+ (Ammonium)

Salts w/ PO4 -3 (Phosphate)

Insoluble except for: Group 1 and NH4+ (Ammonium)

Salts w/ C2O4 -2 (Oxalate)

Insoluble except for: Group 1 and NH4+ (Ammonium)

Salts w/ CrO4 -2 (Chromate)

Insoluble except for: Group 1 and NH4+ (Ammonium)

Salts w/ S 2-

Insoluble except for: Group 1 and NH4+ (Ammonium) and BaS (Barium Sulfide)

Metal Hydroxides (definition)

Metallic cations and hydroxide anions (OH⁻)

Oxides (definition)

Includes at least one oxygen atom and one other element (ex: CO2, H2O, Al2O3)

Metal Hydroxides

Insoluble except for: Group 1 and Castro Bear(strong bases)

Oxides

Oxidation state of atoms in their elemental form?

Zero

Oxidation state of monatomic ions?

Same as its charge

Oxidation state of fluorine?

-1

Oxidation state of oxygen?

-2 (except for H2O2 -1)

Oxidation state of hydrogen?

1

Oxidation state of halogens (other than F)?

-1

Solutions are...

Homogenous mixtures (aq)

When an ionic compound is hydrated (goes into an aq solution) it...

Breaks up into individual ions (Polyatomics remain intact)