Cofactors, coenzymes and prosthetic groups

What is a cofactor

A non protein helper for the enzyme
Can form part of the active site or may transfer atoms or groups from one reaction to another
If it is the organic it is called a coenzyme- vitamins are a good source of coenzymes- temporarily bound

How are inorganic cofactors obtained in humans

In our diet as minerals
E.G. copper fighting infection

What do inorganic cofactors do

•presence helps increase reaction rate
• may combine with the enzyme or substrate
• influence charge distribution-enabling enzyme-substrate complexes to form more easily

What is an example of an inorganic cofactor

Amylase catalyses the breakdown of starch into maltose molecules
Amylose will only function properly if CHLORIDE is present
Chloride is the inorganic cofactor

What is a prosthetic group

A type of cofactor that is permanently part of an enzyme
Contribute to the final 3D shape of the enzyme and its charges

What is precursor activation

•many enzymes are produced in an inactive form (apoenzyme)
•when the cofactor is added the enzyme is activated- called a holoenzyme

How else can enzymes be activated

Other enzymes
Change in conditions