Tectonics case studies. Earthquakes

What were the injuries, deaths and missing people in the Japan 2011 earthquake/tsunami?

15,600 deaths, 5700 injured , 4800 missing (around 65% of victims were 60 or older)

What were the number of buildings damaged? (Japan 2011)

45,700 destroyed, 144,000 damaged

How many households lost water and electricity? (Japan 2011)

1.5 mil without water, 4.4 mil without electricity

What made it hard for aid to get through? (japan 2011)

Buildings and roads destroyed

How was the tsunami managed (Japan 2011)

10 metre high seawall, earthquake caused it to sink to 9 metres high, which lead to tsunami being much worse.

How did the Japanese red cross help?

70k fabricated temp homes put in place for 280,000 people in the hardest hit areas.

What were some other ways in which Japan managed the earthquake successfully (military, nuclear, buildings)

110,000 defence troops mobilised within 24 hours

20km exclusion zone around fukushima power plant

Strict building laws and good quality construction meant that 75% of buildings were built with earthquakes in mind.

What was the boundary, magnitude, focus depth and epicentre distance of the Japanese 2011 earthquake?

Boundary: Destructive

Magnitude:9

Epicentre: 80 miles east from city of Sendai

Focus depth: 30km below floor of west pacific ocean

What were some hazards associated with Japan 2011 earthquake?

Spread of disease like cholera and pneumonia among survivors, falling debris from buildings, tremors.

What is some info about the boxing day tsunami 2004. (magnitude, type of earthquake, epicentre, height of tsunami, speed of tsunami, countries affected).

Magnitude: 9.4

Type of earthquake: Megathrust (always over mag 9)

Plate boundary: destructive

Epicentre: Northwest of sumatra

Tsunami height: 15metres

Wave speed: 500 mph

Tsunami moved 3 miles inland.

Around 14 countries affected 11 COUNTRIES SUFFERED LOSS OF LIFE!

How many deaths were there during the boxing day 2004 tsunami?

220,000

What are some ways in which the 2004 boxing day tsunami was managed?

Nations across the world pledged 14 billion to help damaged regions

Community preparedness, Moken tribe in Thailand fled to the hill leading to only 1 out of 200 villagers dying.

Tsunami hit a number of developing countries without early warning systems.

What are some facts about the Haiti 2010 earthquake? (Magnitude, epicentre, plate boundary, focus depth).

Magnitude: 7

Plate boundary: Conservative, Haiti lies on the edge of the carribean plate

Epicentre:24km from Port Au Prince, (the capital of Haiti)

Focus depth: 13km

Hazards: Liquefaction, ground shaking

How many people were homeless, dead or injured due to the 2010 Haiti earthquake?

200,000 deaths, 250,000 injured, 1.3 million homeless

How many buildings collapsed as a result of the Haiti 2010 earthquake?

300,000. Also, water, comms and electricity damaged alongside the police and government being in chaos (around 4k prisoners escaped from a local prison and many officials were dead due to earthquake)

What were some other impacts of the 2010 Haiti earthquake? (outbreaks, tensions, ports and airports)

Cholera outbreak, likely introduced by Nepalese UN peacekeepers stationed in Haiti, 820,000 infected and 9700 dead.

Political tensions due to disaster, many government officials died.

Haiti only had 1 airport, a few main roads and several ports so the damages done to these made it very hard for aid to reach those in need which resulted in more deaths.

How was the Haiti earthquake managed?

Haitian military disbanded in 1995 so no one left to take on management/rescue of disasters.

Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world so it had to rely on foreign aid

Haiti is extremely poor and corrupt meaning that it had little money to invest in hazard prevention, this was also not a large priority due to a lack of seismic activity in recent years.

13 billion in aid given to Haiti in aid, due to concerns about corruption and officials dying during the earthquake, money handeled by international organisations/ nations to fund their own projects in Haiti.

Causes of the Sichuan 2008 earthquake. (plate boundary, magnitude, epicentre, focus depth)

Plate boundary: Destructive, Sichuan situated very near this boundary

Magnitude: 7.9, with magnitude 6 aftershocks

Epicentre:92 km northwest of the city of Chengdu

Focus depth: 10 km

Hazards of the sichuan 2008 earthquake

Landslides, falling debris, toxic gases due to destroyed factories, flooding after dam destruction.

Poor building quality due to corruption of government officials, lead to many poorly designed buildings collapsing.

Magnitude 6 aftershocks caused further damage

death toll/ injury/missing of the sichuan 2008 earthquake

Over 87,500 deaths, over 18,000 missing

374,000 injured and 5 million made homeless

impacts of the sichuan 2008 earthquake (damage, buildings, animals, roads/pipes)

86 billion dollars worth of damage in Sichuan and neighbouring provinces

5.36 million buildings collapsed, 21 million were damaged

32 million farm animals dead

5,300 km of roads and 8000km of water pipes destroyed.

Management of sichuan 2008 earthquake. (Rapid response, military, rescue/relief)

Rapid response from government 140,000 troops sent into aid, 100,000 volunteers including medical and rescue teams arrived in helicopters with food and water

Rescue efforts slowed by mountainous terrain and destruction to roads

Medical services quickly restored, WHO warned of disease outbreaks, foreign aid given.

Temporary camps set up around Sichuan, government pledged 10 billion for rebuilding

2000 soldiers excavated the earth and use explosives to widen the drainage channel of lake Tangjiashan which was unstable and formed by a landslide.

Management of the sichuan earthquake (aftermath, evacuation, building quality)

250,000 residents evacuated from downstream of lake Tangjiashan which was unstable and formed by a landslide.

11,000 children died in schools which lead to government promises to improve the building quality of schools.

Large death toll lead to the relaxation of the one child policy in the area, medics sent in to reverse sterilization procedures.

Economy hurt due to destruction of hydroelectric plants, factories and tourist attractions.