COMMUNITY MEDICINE LECTURE NOTE..-1

community medicine

The field concerned with the study of health and disease in the population of a defined community, aiming to identify health problems and needs.

primary health care (PHC)

Essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound, and socially acceptable methods accessible to individuals and families in the community.

expanded programme on immunization (EPI)

A community-based initiative aimed at protecting children against major killer childhood diseases through vaccination.

epidemiology

The study of distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in specified populations.

public health

The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized community measures.

preventive medicine

A medical specialty focused on the health of individuals and communities to prevent diseases and promote health.

social determinants of health

The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age that affect health outcomes.

mental health

A state of well-being in which individuals realize their own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, and contribute to their community.

reproductive health

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being in all matters related to the reproductive system.

biostatistics

The application of statistical methods to analyze and interpret health-related data.

health education

A subcomponent of health promotion aimed at enabling individuals and groups to adopt behaviors that promote health.

disease burden

The impact of a health problem on a population, measured in terms of mortality, morbidity, and disability.

health promotion

The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health.

WHO (World Health Organization)

A specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.

environmental health

The branch of public health that focuses on the relationships between people and their environment.

malnutrition

A condition resulting from an unbalanced diet lacking in essential nutrients.

community participation

Involvement of community members in the decision-making processes regarding health programs and initiatives.

health system strengthening

Efforts to improve the performance of health systems in delivering quality health care.

immunization coverage

The percentage of the target population that has received vaccines to protect against diseases.

health equity

The principle that all people should have a fair opportunity to attain their full health potential.