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ANA’s definition of nursing
Protecting, promoting, and advancing client’s health
Averting illness and injuries through health promotion
Using the nursing process to facilitate clients’ recovery from illness or injury
Minimizing or eliminating clients’ suffering
Advocating for the care and health of the client, family, or community
nurse practice act
a legal regulatory body created by each individual state, establishing common definitions, rules, and regulations to guide nursing practice
code of ethics for nurses
assists a nurse with ethical decision making by incorporating the nurse’s value system, duty, obligation to the client, and call to uphold professional ideals
evidence-based practice
the process of using evidence from credible scientific research to guide nursing interventions and clinical judgement
self determination
the responsibility of each individual to act professional within their role as a nurse
policies and procedures
governing rules and regulations established by institutions and organizations which direct nursing practice
scope and standards of practice
explanatory statements that describe a competent level of nursing care and professionalism
Florence Nightingale
historical figure in nursing that contributed to the development of the profession through data collection, documentation, and connecting unclean conditions to infection
Clara Barton
historical figure in nursing that started the American Red Cross, created a center to locate missing soldiers, and served in battlefields
Dorothea Dix
historical figure in nursing that was appointed Superintendent of Army Nurses for the Union Army, set up temporary hospitals on battlefields, and organized/trained nursing recruits.
Ildaura Murillo-Rohde
historical figure in nursing that founded the National Association of Hispanic Nurses (NAHA)
Eddie Bernice Johnson
historical figure in nursing that became the first registered nurse elected to the U.S. congress and introduced the STEM Education Act
licensed practical nurse
LPN, obtained in one year
registered nurse
RN, obtained in 2-4 years
advanced practice registered nurse
APRN
doctor of nursing practice
DNP
doctor of philosophy in nursing
PhD, research-based degree
national council licensure examination
NCLEX, passing it is required to received license to practice
novice
stage of nursing that involves no previous experience, struggle to decide which tasks are most relevant in real-life situations, and inability to draw on one’s own judgement
advanced beginner
stage of nursing that involves ability to recognize patterns and recurrent situations.
competent
stage of nursing that involves ability to prioritize tasks by drawing on past experiences, mastery in multiple areas, and quick pattern recognition.
proficient
stage of nursing that involves ability to understand bigger pictures and desired outcomes of situations and ability to respond to changing situations and modify plans.
expert
stage of nursing that involves extensive experience and knowledge and self-confidence and trust of one’s own intuition.
change agent
a nurse that brings innovation for improvement through knowledge, critical thinking, objectivity, and practice
advocacy
speaking up for clients’ needs when the clients are unable to speak for themselves
change management
the goal of nurse managers who help to bring about change with a goal to constantly improve the staff workflow and the client outcomes
collaboration
working together with an interprofessional team to address various aspects of the client’s health.
national academy of medicine
nonprofit private business that provides objective data intended to improve the health of society; emphasizes evidence-based approach to issues that affect the world; formerly called the institute of medicine
national student nurses association
NSNA, nonprofit organization created for nursing students to provide an introduction to professional development through national conventions, networking, and career development activities.
american nurses association
ANA, an organization that supports nurses health and wellness, fosters high standards, promotes safe environments, ensures ethical behavior, and advocates for nurses and the public regarding healthcare issues
national league for nursing
NLN, organization that promotes excellence in nursing education to effectively build a strong and diverse nursing workforce that will advance the health of the national and global community
health literacy
the capacity to obtain, communicate, and understand basic health information and services so as to make appropriate health decisions
affordable care act
ACA, law enacted in 2010 to improve health care quality while lowering costs and expanding the Medicaid program; goals include making insurance more affordable, protecting those who use ACA services, expanding Medicaid to adults with incomes below 138% of the poverty level, lowering healthcare costs
the joint commission
TJC, nonprofit organization that accredits healthcare organizations in multiple types of health care settings, ranging from inpatient hospitals to pharmacies
sentinel event
an event that results in a client’s death or harm that is determined to be permanent or severe
national committee for quality assurance
NCQA, an independent, nonprofit organization that accredits health care plans, providers, facilities, and case management companies
american nurses credentialing center
ANCC, an organization that supports nurses to improve client care through education, certifications, and professional designations
magnet recognition program
program that recognizes acute care facilities that demonstrate excellence in nursing based upon meeting standards in five categories
pathway to excellence program
a program to recognize excellence in nursing
medicare
government healthcare coverage for a client who is 65 or older, under 65 with disabilities, or any age with end stage renal disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
hospitalization, doctor’s services, medication costs
medicare part A, B, and D
medicaid
government healthcare coverage for a client who must meet eligibility requirements based on the client’s income in relation to the poverty level
children’s health insurance program
CHIP, government healthcare coverage that provides for children who may not meet medicaid’s requiremetns but need health coverage
private insurance
insurance coverage not provided by the government
fee for service
FFS, reimbursement payments made to service providers based on the volume of services delivered; how providers/organizations were reimbursed in the past
diagnosis related groups
DRG, fixed payment system for reimbursement for healthcare services based on client diagnosis and procedures performed
inpatient prospective payment system
method of standardized insurance reimbursement based on the client’s diagnosis and procedures performed within the acute care setting
hospital acquired condition reduction program
program that denies reimbursement for services associated with specific healthcare acquired infections
hospital acquired infection
HAI
resource utilization groups
RUG, fixed payment system for reimbursement of healthcare services provided in the long term care setting based upon client diagnosis and services required
minimum data set
MDS, clinical assessment of a client’s physical and cognitive status required to be conducted on nursing home residents who receive medicare and medicaid benefits
social determinants of health
SDOH, factors that impact health other than healthcare services, including location, environment, genetics, income, relations, and gender
skilled nursing facility
SNF, provides for rehabilitation such as occupational/physical therapy as well as oversight for activities or daily living; also called nursing home/long term care
long term care hospital
LTCH, specializes in clients who require hospitalization for long term illnesses such as severe burns, trauma, or ventilation needs
assisted living
provides services for clients who are mostly independent in their living but choose to live in a community setting for assistance with some part of their daily life
hospice care
provided to a client when it is determined they have less than six months to live
palliative care
provides care centered around helping the client feel as comfortable as possible during their illness
respite care
provides care for the client to allow the caregiver a break from responsibilities for a short time
home care
having a nurse or other provider come to the client’s home to deliver services
maslow’s hierarchy of needs
describes how individuals’ needs change throughout life and they work towards meeting their full potential; lower levels must be fulfilled and maintained before higher levels can be met
airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure
ABCDE framework
quality and safety education for nursing
QSEN, set of nursing competencies and proposed targets for the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that all prelicensure nursing students should have attained for entry to practice
national council of state boards of nursing
NCSBN, group of nursing regulatory bodies whose purpose is to protect the health and welfare of the public by ensuring that licensed nurses deliver safe and competent nursing care through recommendation of nursing practice regulations and competency assessment
nurse licensure compact
NLC, agreement by state licensing boards that allows a nurse to practice in any state that has adopted the compact under one license
reciprocity
ability to transfer current state license to another, providing the nurse has an initial nursing license and is in good standing
healthy people 2030
campaign that sets objectives to improve the health of americans
patient
one who is given aid, instruction, and treatment with the expectation that such services are appropriate and that the recipient will accept them and comply with a plan
client
one who is considered to be a legitimate member of the decision-making team, who always has some control over the planned regimen, and who is incorporated into the planning and implementation of his or her own care as much as possible
adaptation
when an individual responds to external and internal stressors in a healthy and growth-directed manner; mobilizes internal and external coping resources
maladaptation
when an individual copes with a stressor within one subsystem by taxing energies from another
health
a state of physical, mental, and social well-being; not merely the absence of disease/infirmity
self-care knowledge
a person knowing what made them sick, lessened their effectiveness, or interfered with their growth
self-care action
development and utilization of self-care knowledge and self-care resources
unconditional acceptance
when the client is accepted by nurses as is — with no strings attached
affiliated individuation
the need to be able to be dependent on support systems while simultaneously maintaining independence from these support systems
holism
the whole is greater than the sum of the parts
wholism
the state in which the whole is equal to the sum of parts
growth
changes in the body, mind, and spirit that occur over time
development
the holistic synthesis of the growth-produced increasing differentiations in a person’s body, ideas, social relations, and so forth
schemata
categories or units of information, that is, as a set
assimilation
as the individual acquires more information, the individual integrates that information into existing schemata
accommodation
the establishment of a new schema or the modification of an old schema to adjust for new information
equilibration
the balance between assimilation and accommodation
inherent endowment
the idea that genetic makeup influences how we deal with stressors
general adaptation syndrome
alarm reaction
the stage of resistance
the stage of exhaustion
stressor
a stimulus that is experienced as challenging or one that mounts an adaptive response; a distressor is a stimulus that is experienced as threatening or one that mounts a maladaptive response
modeling
the process the nurse uses as they develop an imagination and understanding of the client’s world—an image and understanding developed within the client’s framework and from the client’s perspective
role modeling
the facilitation of the individual in attaining, maintaining, or promoting health through purposeful interventions by making them unique to the client’s world
communication
the process of sending and receiving information
sender
the one who starts/formulates the message
receiver
the one the message is sent to
encoder
the means by which the message is transmitted (such as a translation application)
channel
how the encoder transmits the message (such as a phone line or computer)
decoder
changes the signal back to the message (such as a mobile device)
noise
any environmental distractor that can interfere with the message (such as poor internet connection effecting text messages)
feedback
response to a message, either positive or negative
ABX model
made up of a sender, receiver, and message; also known as the Newcomb’s model of communication
SMCR model
communication model with four components: sender, message, channel, receiver
therapeutic communication
techniques used to improve communication, such as active listening
auditory communication
what the message receiver hears
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