OB/GYN unit 4 chap 40

upper respiratory tract includes: 4

oronasopharynx, pharynx, larynx, upper trachea

lower respiratory tract includes: 4

lower trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

developmental differences in respiratory system: child 5

nose breathers, shorter/narrow upper airway, flexible larynx, higher metabolic/respiratory rate, larger tonsils/lymph nodes

while irregular breathing pattern is normal, ____ of apnea is unusual

<20 secs

how to assess ears children < 3 years

down back

how to assess ears children >3 years

up back

tonsils are enlarged until:

early school age

tracheal size will ______ until adulthood

triple

a child’s airway is the width of a _____ and wont widen until _________

straw, 5 years old

children ______ can use vapor rubs

<2 years

ibuprofen should not be given to children under:

<6 months

most frequent infectious disease in children:

acute viral nasopharyngitis

acute viral nasopharyngitis is also known as:

common cold

acute viral nasopharyngitis etiology: 5

rhinovirus, RSV, adenovirus, parainfluenza, flu

acute viral nasopharyngitis lasts about _______, peaks at _____

10-14 days, day 2-3

possible secondary illness to acute viral nasopharyngitis:

otitis media

aspirin causes risk for:

reyes syndrome

strep is most common ages:

5-15 years

strep can be present without:

exudate

strep incubation period is:

2-5 days

strep can cause a sandpaper like ____

rash

antibiotics given for strep: 2

penicillin, amoxicillin

what meds are given for strep in the case pt is allergic to PCNs? 3

oral macrolide, azalide, caphalosporin

tonsillectomy is usually the removal of _________ tonsils

palatine

tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy contraindications: 4

cleft palate, current infection, uncontrolled systemic diseases, blood disorders

after tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy, what fluids should be avoided?

red, brown, purple fluids

common dysfunctions of the ear in children: 3

acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, acute otifis externa

___________ is the delivery of blood or fluid to tissues

perfusion

____________ is the accumulation or seeping of fluid into a body cavity.

effusion

repeated episodes of otitis media can cause:

hearing loss

incision in the eardrum to drain middle ear fluid is:

myringotomy

tube placement to treat chronic otitis is called

tympanostomy

tubes will push out of the ear after surgery at:

12-18 months

_______ can form if otitis is not treated

Cholesteatoma

otitis media with effusion s&s: 5

tinnitus, popping sounds, hearing loss, delayed speech development, mild balance problems

acute otitis exerna AKA:

swimmers ear

main causes of acute otitis exerna: 2

candid yeast, pseudomonas

meds given for acute otitis externa: 2

antibiotics, steroids

croup syndrome is the inflammation of:

larynx, trachea, bronchi

croup is characterized by: 2

barky cough, stridor

acute epiglottis is an:

EMERGENCY

acute epiglottitis progression: 3

2-5 age, begins as mild URI, inflammation spreads to epiglottis 1-2 days

most common type of croup syndrome:

acute LTB

LTB abbreviation:

laryngotracheobronchitis

LTB generally affects children aged:

<5 years

LYB is usually ______

viral

acute epiglottis: age group, etiology, onset/major symptoms, treatment

2-5 years old, bacterial, rapidly progressive/toxic appearance, airway protection

acute LTB : age group, etiology, onset/major symptoms, treatment

<5 years, viral, slowly progressive/non toxic appearance, humidifier

bronchiolitis is mostly caused by:

RSV

cystic fibrosis is a disease of the:

exocrine glands

cystic fibrosis characterized by:

thick mucus, pancreas and lung issues, excessive sodium and chloride electrolyte imbalances in sweat

what causes cystic fibrosis?

autosomal recessive disorder

common s/s of cystic fibrosis noticed by parent:

salty kisses

leading cause of death with cystic fibrosis:

respiratory failure

cystic fibrosis life expectancy:

66 years

cystic fibrosis diagnosis: 7

sweat chloride test, pancreatic enzyme absence, CXR revealing atelectasis/emphysema, COPD, family hx, universal NB screen, CFTR gene lab confirmation

respiratory rate for resting newborn:

30-60

What is the most significant post-operative clinical sign of bleeding following a tonsillectomy?

continuous swallowing

Which virus is the primary cause of Infectious Mononucleosis?

epstein barr virus

Why must children with Infectious Mononucleosis avoid contact sports?

to prevent splenic rupture

'Four Ds' used to identify the clinical manifestations of epiglottitis?

Drooling, Dysphagia, Dysphonia, and Distressed inspiratory efforts

Which monoclonal antibody is given monthly to high-risk infants to prevent severe RSV infection?

Palivizumab

What is the 'gold standard' diagnostic test for Cystic Fibrosis?

sweat chloride test

What sweat chloride level is considered diagnostic for Cystic Fibrosis in children?

60 meq/L

What is the earliest clinical manifestation of Cystic Fibrosis often seen in newborns?

meconium ileus

What type of diet is recommended to promote growth in children with Cystic Fibrosis?

high calorie/protein diet

impetigo is __________

bacterial

impetigo is characterized by:

honey color crust

impetigo is caused by: 2

staphylococcus aureus, group a b-hemolytic strep

impetigo intubation period:

10 days

pruritus definition

itchy skin

impetigo pharmacological treatmnet: 4

mupirocin (Bactroban), triple antibiotic ointment, penicillin for severe lesions, vancomycin for MRSA

scabies onset of initial exposure:

30-60 days

medication for scabies:

permethrin 2 doses 1 week apart

lice: nits hatch during:

7-10 days