Chapter 40: Common Health Problems

arthritis

joint (arthr) inflammation (itis)

arthroplasty

the surgical replacement (plasty) of a joint (arthro)

benign tumor

a tumor that does not spread to other body parts

fracture

a broken bone

hemiplegia

paralysis (plegia) on 1 side (hemi) of the body

hyperglycemia

high (hyper) sugar (glyc) in the blood (emia)

hypertension

high blood pressure

hypoglycemia

low (hypo) sugar (glyc) in the blood (emia)

malignant tumor

a tumor that invades and destroys nearby tissues and can be spread to other body parts; cancer

metastasis

the spread of cancer to other body parts

paralysis

loss of muscle function

paraplegia

paralysis in the legs and lower trunk

pneumonia

inflammation and infection of lung tissue

quadriplegia

paralysis in the arms, legs, and trunk; tetraplegia

tumor

a new growth of abnormal cells that is benign or malignant

vomitus

the food and fluids expelled from the stomach through the mouth; eyes is

metastasis means that

a. cancer cells have been killed

b. a benign tumor has grown larger

c. a malignant tumor has spread to other body parts

d. healthy cells have been damaged by cancer treatments

c

a person receiving chemotherapy becomes sad when talking about fatigue, hair loss, and nausea. you should

a. change the subject

b. talk about how other patients respond to the treatment

c. tell the person: “it will be okay”

d. listen

d

a person has arthritis. care includes

a. keeping joints abducted

b. applying traction to affected areas

c. wearing a cast to prevent movement

d. rest balanced with exercise

d

a person had hip replacement surgery. which should you question

a. do not cross the legs

b. provide a chair with a low seat

c. keep a hip abduction wedge between the legs

d. provide a long- handled brush for bathing

b

a person with osteoporosis is at risk for

a. fractures

b. an amputation

c. phantom pain

d. paralysis

a

a cast needs to dry. which should you question?

a. turn the person so the cast dries evenly

b. cover the cast with plastic

c. elevate the cast on pillows

d. support the cast by the palms when lifting

b

a person is in traction. care includes

a. avoiding ROM exercise

b. keeping the weights on the floor

c. removing the weights if the person is uncomfortable

d. using a fracture pan for elimination

d

after hip surgery the operated leg is kept

a. abducted

b. adducted

c. externally rotated

d. flexed

a

sudden weakness on 1 side of the body and trouble speaking and walking are signs of

a. stroke

b. heart attack

c. cancer

d. hyperglycemia

a

a person had a stroke. which should you question?

a. leave the person in semi-fowler’s position

b. person ROM exercises every 2 hours

c. turn and re-position the person every 2 hours

d. place needed items on the weak (affected) side

d

which statement about parkinson’s disease is true

a. there is a cure

b. mental function is affected first

c. tremors, slow movements, and shuffling gait occur

d. paralysis occurs but mental function is intact

c

a person with multiple sclerosis is in remission. this means that symptoms

a. have gone away for awhile

b. are worsening

c. will not return

d. are being treated

a

a person has quadriplegia from a spinal cord injury. care includes

a. active ROM exercises

b. pressure injury prevention

c. removing the call light from the room

d. using a long-handled device for reading

b

in hypertension

a. the diastolic pressure is higher than the systolic pressure

b. the systolic pressure is 140 mm Hg or higher

c. the diastolic pressure is 70 mm Hg or higher

d. chest pain is a common symptom

b

a person with angina has pain that is severe and not relieved by rest or drugs. this

a. is normal angina pain

b. signals hypertension

c. signals heart failure

d. signals a heart attack

d

a person complains of sudden squeezing chest pain. you should

a. report the pain if it not relieved in 15 minutes

b. report the pain at once

c. give the person a nitroglycerin tablet

d. give the person oxygen

b

a person has heart failure which should you question

a. encourage fluids

b. measure intake and output

c. measure weight daily

d. perform ROM exercises

a

the most common cause of COPD is

a. smoking

b. allergies

c. being-over weight

d. a high-sodium diet

a

a person has emphysema. which is true?

a. the person has an infection

b. breathing is usually easier lying down

c. the person has dyspnea and a cough

d. there is swelling in an arm or leg

c

the flu virus is spread by

a. coughing and sneezing

b. the fecal-oral route

c. blood

d. needle sharing

a

which position eases breathing in the person with pneumonia

a. supine

b. prone

c. semi-fowlers

d. trendrslensburg

c

a person with TB coughs on your hand. you should

a. watch for signs of latent TB

b. get A TB vaccine

c. ask the nurse about being treated

d. wash your hands

d

a person is vomiting. you should

a. position the person supine

b. leave to get the nurse

c. do nothing

d. then the persons head to the side

d

a person has diverticular disease. how will you assist with care?

a. give antibiotics

b. promoting normal bowel elimination

c. dietary teaching and planning

d. assessing risk factors

b

crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis can cause

a. flank pain and dysuria

b. jaundice and itching

c. diarrhea and bloody stools

d. ascites and edema

c

which is spread by food or water contaminated with feces from an infection person

a. hepatitis a

b. hepatitis b

c. hepatitis c

d. hepatitis d

a

a vaccine is available to protect against

a. chronic kidney disease

b. benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

c. hepatitis b

d. diabetes

c

a person has had cirrhosis. which should you question?

a. measure I&O

b. weigh the person daily

c. apply lotion after bathing

d. encourage fluids

d

a person has cystitis. this is a

a. kidney infection

b. kidney stone

c. sexually transmitted disease (infection)

d. bladder infection

d

BPH causes urinary problems because

a. an enlarged prostate pressures against the urethra

b. stones in the kidneys block urine flow

c. kidney damage reduces urine output

d. cancer cells damage the bladder

a

which statement about STDs/STIs is true?

a. older persons do not get them

b. they only affect genital areas

c. some persons has no signs or symptoms

d. they can all be cured with antibiotics

c

a person with diabetes is confused, weak, and shaky after an exercise activity. these are signs of

a. hypoglycemia

b. hyperglycemia

c. jaundice

d. bleeding

a

HIV is spread though

a. blood and certain body fluids

b. coughing and sneezing

c. using public phones and restrooms

d. hugging or dancing with an infection person

a

HIV can be prevented by

a. taking immuno-suppressive drugs

b. getting an HIV vaccine

c. using antibiotics

d. avoiding risky sexual behaviors

d

a person with shingles needs to

a. avoid contact with persons who have had chicken pox

b. keep the rash covered until lesions crust over

c. gently scratch areas of the rash that itch

d. avoid pain-relief drugs

b