Issues in Diversity Final Exam

What is Gender Socialization?

The process by which males and females are informed about gendered norms and roles in each society.

What is Hegemonic Masculinity?

The version of masculinity that is set apart from all others. Considered dominant or ideal within a society. Often associated with toughness, bravado, aggression, and violence.

What are Interpersonal Scripts?

These are created when individuals use the general guidelines they have learned from cultural scripts and adapt them to specific social situations.

What was the Kinsey Report?

He was the first to publish the idea that sexuality could be measured on a continuum. He suggested that homosexuality wasn’t deviant, damaging, or somthing that needed “curing”.

Define “Polygyny”

Meaning multiple wives.

Define “Polyandry”

Meaning multiple husbands.

What is Ideological Racism?

A form of racism rooted in the ideas, beliefs, and worldviews that reflect, reinforce, and advance notions of racial superiority. Think: Trump’s “Muslim ban.”

These are the four specific offences defined as hate crimes under the Criminal Code of Canada.

• Advocating genocide.

• Public incitement of hatred.

• Willful promotion of hatred.

• Mischief in relation to religious property.

What did the creation of the Immigration and Refugee Board require?

That all people seeking asylum be provided with a full oral hearing.

What does the Balanced Refugee Reform Act make changes to?

The Immigration and Refugee Act and the refugee claimant process in Canada.

What is the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees agency?

An agency mandated to lead and coordinate international action to protect refugees and resolve refugee problems worldwide.

What are Push Factors?

Things that influence a person to emigrate.

What are Pull Factors?

Things that influence a person to immigrate.

What is Acculturation?

The process of adapting to a new culture, whereby prolonged contact between two cultures begins to modify both cultures.

What is the Healthy Immigrant Effect?

Immigrants’ health is generally better than the health of those born in Canada, but this declines as their years spent living in Canada increase.

In regards to barriers for immigrants feeling they belong in Canada, what did a study from UofT find?

That skin colour - not religion, not income - was the biggest barrier… The darker the skin, the greater the alienation.

What is Disability Binarism?

The mode of thought that classifies people as either able-bodied or disabled.

What is Anti-Psychiatry?

A term that is reflective of a movement that was critical of and opposed to many forms of psychiatric treatment.

What was the Biomedical approach to Disability?

Considers disability as an impairment that is a result of a health problem, illness, disease, or abnormality.

What does the Functional Limitations approach to Disability do?

Quantifies the type and degree of disability.

What does the Socio-constructionist approach to disability suggest?

That disability is a concept we socially construct as different from the norm.

What does the Legal Rights approach to disability focus on?

The rights to full participation and non-discrimination for people with disabilities.

What does the Social Inclusion approach to disability focus on?

The contributions all people can make to the community as a whole.

What are Income Security Programs for?

To help people meet their basic needs. Ex: Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement.

What are Income Maintenance Programs for?

To help people maintain their pre-retirement income and lifestyle. Ex: Canada Pension Plan, Quebec Pension Plan.

What is the first tier of Canada’s Multi-Tiered Pension System?

Government Transfers, such as Old Age Security (OAS), Guaranteed Income Supplements (GIS), and Allowance (ALW).

What is the second tier of Canada’s Multi-Tiered Pension System?

Public Pension Plans - for workers who have paid into it. Ex. Canada Pension Plan, Quebec Pension Plan, Savings Plan, Transfer Plan/Pay-As-You-Go Plan.

What is the third tier of Canada’s Multi-Tiered Pension System?

Private Pensions, Savings, and Income. Ex. Occupational pensions, RPPs, RRSPs, and defined benefit and defined contributions.

Define “rural”.

Any municipality outside of census metropolitan areas.

Define “urban”.

Any municipality within a census metropolitan area.

What does understanding the median age and age structure of rural areas help?

It helps policy makers adjust policies or design programs to address important issues.

What did the National Health and Nutrition Examination survey find about people in rural areas?

That they had lower health-related quality of life (QOL). They also had significantly lower functioning.

What did the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging find?

That transportation was an independent factor that explained social participation. This is a key factor to social participation for rural communities that do not have the infrastructure for public transportation.

What is Emphasized Femininity?

The acceptance of gender inequality. A need to support the interests and desires of men. Often associated with empathy, compassion, passivity, and focused on beauty and physical appearance.

What are Cultural Scripts?

Indicate appropriate sexual roles, norms, and behaviours in each society. Largely conveyed through mass media and other social institutions, such as government, law, education, family, and religion.

Define “Indigenous”

The descendants of groups of people living in the territory at the time when other groups of different cultures or ethnic origin arrived there.

Define “Aboriginal Peoples”

A legal/administrative category that comprises First Nations, Inuit, and Métis and is often used to describe the Indigenous peoples within Canada’s boundaries.

Define “First Nations”

A legal term used to refer to Aboriginal people who are of neither Inuit or Métis descent. Refers to the ethnicity.

Define “Inuit”

Aboriginal peoples who live in the far north or arctic regions of Canada.

Define “Métis”

People indigenous to North America whose background is Aboriginal and Europeans ancestry.