Bones Quiz

How many bones in the body?

206

What are the parts of the skeletal system?

bones, joints, cartilages, ligaments

What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?

axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

What are the functions of bones?

Support, Protection, Allows Movement, Stores Minerals and Fats, and Blood Cell Formation

What are the two types of bone tissue?

compact and spongy

what are long bones?

longer than they are wide

what are examples of long bones?

femur, humerus

What are short bones?

cube shaped bones

Examples of short bones?

carpals and tarsals

What are flat bones?

thin, flat, slightly curved

Examples of flat bones

skull, ribs, sternum

What are irregular bones?

bones that do not fit one of the preceding categories

An example of irregular bones

vertebrae

gross anatomy of a long bone

diaphysis and epiphysis

diaphysis

shaft composed of compact bone

epiphysis

end of bone composed of spongy bone

changes in human skeleton

- In embryos, the skeleton is primarily hyaline cartilage

- During development, much of this cartilage is

replaced by bone

- Cartilage remains in isolated areas: Bridge of the nose, Parts of ribs, Joints

the fetal skull

-A large compared to the infant's total body length

-Fontanels

*Allow the brain to grow

*Convert bone within 24 months after birth

fontanels

fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones

bone growth

Epiphyseal plates allow for growth of long bone during childhood

New cartilage is continuously formed

Older cartilage becomes ossified

Cartilage is broken down

Bone replaces cartilage

ossified

tending to become more rigid, conventional, sterile, and reactionary with age; literally, turned into bone

types of bone cells

osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts

osteocytes

mature bone cells

osteoblasts

bone forming cells

osteoclasts

Bone-destroying cells

bone remodeling

a process by both osteoblasts and osteoclasts

bone fractions

a break in the bone

types of bone fractures

-closed (simple) fracture

-open (compound) fracture

closed fracture (simple)

break that does not penetrate the skin

open fracture (compound)

broken bone penetrates through the skin

how are bone fractures treated

reduction and immobilization (realignment of the bone)

stages in the healing of a bone fracture

hematoma forms,

fibrocartilaginous callus forms,

bony callus forms,

bone remodeling occurs.

Axial skeleton

forms the longitudinal axis of the body

what are the 3 parts of the axial skeleton

skull, vertebral column, bony thorax

appendicular skeleton

limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

what two bones composes the appendicular skeleton

clavicle and scapula

clavicle

collar bone

scapula

shoulder blade

what does the clavicle and scapula allow the body to do

have exceptionally free movement

bones of the upper limb

foramen, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Foramen

for a vein or artery to go through the bone

Radius and ulna cross over each other

True

Carpals

wrist bones

metacarpals

the five bones that form the palms of the hand

phalanges

fingers, toes

bones of the pelvic girdle

coxal bones

Coxal bones

ilium, ischium, pubis

Which organs does the pelvic girdle protect?

Reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and part of the large intestine

Total weight of the upper body rests on what?

the pelvis

Gender differences of the pelvis

Females have a wider pelvis and wider pubic arch. A wider pelvis opens the pelvis outlet across the bottom. Allows for the passage of a baby.

Femur

longest and hardest bone in the whole body

What two parts connect to the femur?

Tibia and Fibula

tibia

shin bone

Fibula

calf bone

Bones of the foot

tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

tarsals

ankle bones

metatarsals

bones of the foot between ankle and toes

inflammatory conditions associated with joints

bursitis, tendonitis, arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, osteoporosis

Bursitis

inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction

Tendonitis

inflammation of tendon sheaths

Arthritis

inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints, over 100 types

most widespread crippling disease in the U.S?

arthritis

Osteoarthritis

most common form of arthritis

rheumatoid arthritis

An autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the joints. Symptoms begin with bilateral inflammation of certain joints. Often leads to deformities.

gouty arthritis

A deposition causes inflammation of joints of urate crystals from the blood, can usually be controlled with a diet

Osteoporosis

Bone resorption greater than bone deposit

What causes osteoporosis?

Age, decline in sex hormones, immobility =, poor protein/calcium, corticosteroids

Dens

allows movement of head

What does the atlas sit on?

axis

Where is the trochanter?

femur

What is not a function of the bone?

Blood cell formation

What is the baby skeleton made up of?

Hyaline Cartlidge

fontinalis

soft spot on baby's head

Which type of vertebra connects to the ribs?

thoracic

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

12

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

7

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

5

How many vertebrae are there?

24

What are the bones in the wrist?

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Way to remember wrist bones

some lovers try position that they can't handle

Which arthritis is an autoimmune disease?

rheumatoid arthritis

how many bones in the wrist?

8

Clavicle

Scapula

sternum

vertebrosternal ribs

vertebrochondral ribs

Vertebral ribs

humerus

thoracic vertebrae

cervical vertebrae

lumbar vertebrae

radius

ulna

carpals

metacarpals (picture)

Phalanges (hand)

femur (picture)

trochanter

patella