Sports Psychology: Imagery and Self Confidence

How is imagery defined in a sport psychology context?

The creation or re-creation of an experience generated from memorial information, involving quasi-sensorial, quasi-perceptual, and quasi-affective characteristics under volitional control.

What are common uses of imagery?

Enhance motivation, build confidence, control emotional responses, acquire/practice/correct sport skills, acquire and practice strategies, prepare for completion, cope with pain

What is the Psychoneuromuscular Theory?

Neuromuscular activation that occurs during imagery is very similar to the activation that occurs when actually performing the physical activity or movement; Helps lay neural pathways

What is the symbolic learning theory?

It functions as a coding system to help patients understand and acquire movement patterns; creates mental blueprints of the task

What is the bioinformational theory?

Functional set of propositions which gets stored in the brain, includes stimulus propositions (stimulus feature of scenario) and response propositions (patients response to scenario ex body tension)

In Bioinformational Theory, what is the difference between stimulus and response propositions?

Stimulus propositions describe features of the scenario (imagining the crowd), while response propositions describe the individual's response to that scenario (feeling tension in the body)

What are significant factors in developing an imagery program?

Should become part of the athlete's daily routine (before/during/after performance), Training program needs to be tailored to athlete's individual needs, Use of video and audio recordings to aid in visualizations, maintain positive focus, timing should be similar to time it takes for activity,

What does the PETTLEP model stand for?

Physical, Environmental, Task, Timing, Learning, Emotion, and Perspective.

What does Physical mean in the PETTLEP model?

imagine relevant physical characteristics

What does environmental mean in the PETTLEP model?

imagine the environment where performance takes place

What does task mean in the PETTLEP model?

Imagine details relevant to the task

What does timing mean in the PETTLEP model?

best to imagine in real time; slow motion may also be helpful

What does learning mean in the PETTLEP model?

should be adjusted and reviewed over time as individual learns and improves

What does emotion mean in the PETTLEP model?

similar images to physical situation; avoid debilitative emotions

What does perspective mean in the PETTLEP model?

can be first or third person and should match the skill

What are the '4 W's' of imagery program development?

WHERE (imagery used most often), WHEN (will the imagery best be used), WHY (purpose of imagery to make sure type matches need) and WHAT (consider surrendering, nature of imagery, type of imagery, and perspective)

What are some other factors that influence effectiveness of imagery?

Nature of the task, skill level of the participant, imagery ability, use in conjunction with practice, vividness, controllability

How does task type influence the effectiveness of imagery?

Cognitive tasks generally benefit more from imagery rehearsal

What are the two key components of imagery ability that can be improved with practice?

Vividness and controllability.

How is self-confidence defined in sport psychology?

The belief that one can successfully perform a desired behavior.

Why is self confidence important?

Arouses positive emotion, facilitates concentration, affects goals, increases effort, affects game strategies, affects psychological momentum, affects performance

What is the model of self confidence (issue with the image on this one)

I can't put an image here without premium but refer to canvas presentation

How is self-efficacy defined?

A situation-specific form of self-confidence regarding one's ability to perform a task successfully. This is a situation specific form of self confidence

List sources of self-efficacy.

Performance accomplishments, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, imaginal experiences, psychological states, emotional states

What are performance accomplishments in relation to self efficacy

Everyday improvements, doing well at the sport and getting better

What are vicarious experiences in relation to self efficacy?

Seeing others perform, especially if you find it someone who you are similar to

What is verbal persuasion in relation to self efficacy?

words of encouragement, telling them they are good at something, positive feedback

What are imaginal experiences in relation to self efficacy?

imagery

What are psychological states in relation to self efficacy?

How you physically feel

What are emotional states in relation to self efficacy?

Emotional side, how are you feeling while doing an activity

What do the sources of self efficacy contribute to

Sources --> efficacy expectations --> athletic performance

How can we help individuals with building self confidence?

Focus on performance accomplishments, acting confident, responding with confidence, thinking confidently, using imagery, using goal mapping