Ch.8 The Blood and Lymphatic Systems

coagul/o

coagulation

thromb/o

clot

hem/o, hemat/o

blood

cyt/o

cell

leuk/o

white

phleb/o, ven/o

vein

lymph/o

lymph

myel/o

bone marrow, spine

-emia

blood condition

tonsill/o

tonsils

splen/o

spleen

thym/o

thymus

immun/o

immune system

-penia

deficiency

anemia

reduction of red blood cells noticed by the patient as weakness and fatigue

ecchymosis

large bruise

hematoma

mass of blood within an organ, cavity, or tissue

hemophilia

condition in which the blood doesn’t clot, thus causing excessive bleeding

hemorrhage

excessive blood loss

petechia

small bruise

reperfusion injury

injury to tissue that occurs after blood flow is restored

lymphadenopathy

any disease of a lymph gland (node); used to refer to the noticeably swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck

lymphedema

swelling caused by the abnormal accumulation of lymph, usually in the extremities

splenalgia

pain in the spleen

splenodynia

pain in the spleen

anisocytosis

condition characterized by a great inequality in the size of red blood cells

elliptocyte

oval red blood cells

elliptocytosis

condition characterized by an increased in the number of oval-shaped red blood cells

embolism

blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus

embolus

mass of matter present in the blood

erythrocyte

red blood cell

erythrocytosis

abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells

hematopoiesis

formation of blood cells

hemolysis

breakdown of blood cells

leukocyte

white blood cell

leukocytosis

increase in the number of white blood cells

leukopenia

deficiency in white blood cells

macrocytosis

condition characterized by large red blood cells

microcytosis

condition characterized by small red blood cells

myelopoiesis

formation of bone marrow

neutropenia

deficiency in neutrophil

normocyte

normal-sized red blood cell

oligocythemia

deficiency in the number of red blood cells

pancytopenia

deficiency in all cellular components of the blood

phagocytosis

process in which phagocytes (a type of white blood cell) destroy (or eat) foreign microorganisms or cell debris

poikilocytosis

condition characterized by red blood cells in a variety of shapes

polycythemia

excess of red blood cells

reticulocyte

immature red blood cell; the root comes from its netlike appearance

spherocyte

red blood cell that assumes a spherical shape

thrombocyte

cell that helps blood clot; also known as a platelet

thrombocytopenia

deficiency in the number of platelets (clot cells)

thrombocytosis

increase in the number of platelets (clot cells)

thromboembolism

blockage of a vessel (embolism) caused by a clot that has broken off from where it formed

thrombogenic

capable of producing a blood clot

thrombosis

the formation of a blood clot

thrombus

blood clot

asplenia

absence of a spleen or of spleen function

hepatosplenomegaly

enlargement of the liver and spleen

lymphocyte

lymph cell

lymphopenia

abnormal deficiency in lymph

splenectopy

displacement of the spleen; sometimes called floating spleen

splenolysis

breakdown (destruction) of spleen tissue

splenomalacia

softening of the spleen

splenomegaly

enlargement of the spleen

splenoptosis

downward displacement (drooping) of the spleen

thymic hyperplasia

overdevelopment of the thymus

hematocrit

test to judge or separate the blood; it is used to determine the ratio of red blood cells to total blood

hematology

study of the blood

hemoglobin

iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the cells

hypoperfusion

inadequate flow of the blood

immunoglobulin

protein that provides protection (immunity) against disease

immunologist

specialist in the study of the immune system

lymphangiogram

record of the study lymph vessels

lymphangiography

procedure to study the lymph vessels

perfusion

circulation of blood through tissue

phlebology

study of veins

phlebotomist

specialist in drawing blood

phlebotomy

incision into a vein; another name for drawing blood

sphygomamanometer

SFIG-moh-man-AWM-et-er

fancy name for the device used to measure blood pressure

anti-body

substance produced by the body in response to an antigen

antigen

substance that causes the body to produce antibodies

immunology

study of the immune system

autoimmune disease

disease caused by the body’s immune system attacking the body’s own healthy issue

coagulopathy

any disease that deals with problems in blood coagulation

deep vein thrombosis

formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg

hemoglobinopathy

disease of the hemoglobin

hypercoagulability

increased ability of the blood to coagulate

immunodeficiency

immune system with decreased or compromised response to disease-causing organisms

immunosuppression

reduction in the activity of the body’s immune system

ischemia

blockage of blood flow to an organ

phlebarteriectasia

dilation of blood vessels

spherocytosis

condition in which red blood cells assume a spherical shape

thrombophlebitis

inflammation of vein caused by a clot

anemia

reduced red blood cells

aplastic anemia

anemia caused by red blood cells not being formed in sufficient quantities

hemolytic anemia

anemia caused by the destruction of red blood cells

iron deficiency anemia

anemia caused by inadequate iron intake

bilirubinemia

presence of bilirubin in the blood

hyperbilirubinemia

excessive bilirubin in the blood

hypercholesterolemia

excessive cholesterol in the blood