NFPA 72 Fire Alarm Test

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Last updated 12:57 AM on 12/12/24
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457 Terms

1
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Supervisory signals of a FA panel indicate what?

an off normal condition

2
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Initiating devices can be considered to be ––––– devices.

input

3
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Conventional FA initiating device circuits and notification device circuits fall under which classes (4)?

Supervised, non–supervised, alarm, and trouble

4
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Four common FA initiating devices.

–Heat Detector\n–Smoke Detector\n–Manual Station\n–Flame Detector

5
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This FA circuit does not use a monitoring current to monitor the integrity of the circuit.

SLC (Signaling Line Circuit)

6
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What is the minimum number of adequate power supplies required for FA systems?

Two

7
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There are 2 operating principals for heat detections they are –––––

Fixed Temperature and Rate of Rise

8
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What is the correct mounting height for a wall mounted combination notification appliance? ––––– AFF and/or ––––– from the ceiling

–80–96"\n–6"

9
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What is the correct mounting height and distance from the door for a manual station?––––– AFF and ––––– from the door

3 1/2' to 4 1/2'\n5

10
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Notification appliances can be considered to be ––––– devices.

output

11
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Smoke detectors can be mounted on both walls and ceilings. When mounting a detector on a wall, how far from the ceiling should the top of the detector be placed?

4 to 12"

12
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What is the listed spacing of a spot type smoke detector?

none

13
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Pressure switches are normally used to indicate flow on wet standpipe sprinkler systems T/F?

False

14
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Supervisory switches mounted on a sprinkler stand pipe must cause a supervisory signal at the panel within how many turns of the hand wheel?

within the first 2 turns

15
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Is "T" tapping a signaling line circuit permitted?

yes

16
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Which code standard applies to FA systems?

NFPA–72

17
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Activation of a suppression system connected to a FA system must cause what type of signal?

Alarm

18
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Vane type water flow switches are equipped with an adjusted delay device to compensate for water surges and pressure fluctuations, what is the max allowable delay time?

90 seconds

19
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NFPA 72 recommends using a distance of ––––– as a guide for spacing smoke detectors.

30 feet

20
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An audible and visual signal shall be activated on a FA system when the normal power supply is reduced by what percent?

15%

21
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After a FA system has been modified, repaired or the site specific software database has been altered, what must be performed?

a reacceptance test

22
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A company or contractor who services FA systems or protective signaling systems must obtain a ––––– which covers this type of work?

State Contractor's License

23
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What governs the installation procedures of a FA system?

NFPA 72

24
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No FA system of FA devices may be installed in Nevada unless they are listed by?

Underwriters Laboratory (UL)

25
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How many supervisory devices can be installed on one zone or initiating device circuit (IDC)?

20

26
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A contractor or licensee must employ at least one qualified person who holds a ––––– to install and service protective signaling systems in order for their license to remain valid.

Certificate of Registration

27
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Faults in other systems or components shall not affect the operation of FA system T/F?

True

28
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If you change your address you must notify the State Fire Marshall in writing within how many days?

7

29
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If you change your address, in addition to notifying the State Fire Marshall you must pay the associated fee, what is it?

$11

30
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A coded FA system must automatically transmit at least ––––– rounds of the devices associated number.

3

31
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Smoke detectors shall not be installed within how many feet of a supply register?

3

32
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All FA systems and associated devices must be maintained and inspected in accordance with Table –––––

14.4.2.2 (2010)

33
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You Certificate of Registration is valid from?

January 1st to December 31st

34
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If you do not renew your Certificate of Registration before the expiration date what happens? (3)

You must reapply, pay fees, and re–test

35
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If you provide service relating to the installation or maintenance of FA systems and you want to cancel a service contract, how many days written notice must you give before the cancellation is valid?

30 days

36
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Before you can start work of a FA system installation what must be performed first? It must be approved by ––––

authority having jurisdiction

37
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When a combination system is installed, FA signals must ––––– over any other signal.

take precedence

38
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A permanent record of the time, date and location of all signals and restorations received and the action taken shall be maintained for at least ––––– and shall be made available to the State Fire Marshall.

1 year

39
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All cables used in FA systems shall be installed in accordance with which code?

NFPA 70

40
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All FA system devices must be installed in accordance with which code?

NFPA 72

41
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All FA system trouble conditions must produce an audible and visual signal at the FACP. T/F?

True

42
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Location of initiating devices, shall consider conditions such as high or low temperatures, humidity or sources of smoke that can lead to nuisance alarms. T/F?

True

43
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In a system with a tone generator, the State Fire Marshal Regulations require that the tone be ––––– and ––––– enough to ––––– a sleeping person.

–unique\n–distinctive\n–awaken

44
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An area covered by notification appliances that are activated simultaneously is called a ––––––

notification zone

45
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May a device or system having materials different from those detailed in applicable standards be approved by the AHU if found to be equivalant?

yes

46
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An over current protective device of suitable capacity capable of interrupting the maximum short circuit shall be provided in each ground conductor. T/F?

False

47
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Automatic Extinguishment is a function of a FA system. T/F?

False

48
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If ceiling heights allow, audible wall mounted devices shall have thier tops above the finished floor at heights of not less than ––––– and below the finished ceiling at heights not less than –––––

–90"\n–6"

49
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A single fault on the SLC channel shall not cause an alarm signal at the FACP. T/F?

True

50
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A single fault on the SLC channel shall cause a trouble signal. T/F?

True

51
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For the purpose of alarm annunciation, each floor of the building is not considered a separate zone. T/F?

False

52
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A distributor or installer of a protective signaling system must present the Atate Fire Marshal with evidence of his/her ability to respond for any needed repair and restoration within ––––– hours of being notified by the fire department.

24

53
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Actuation of alarm notification appliances or emergency voice communications and annunciation at the protected premises shall occur within ––––– after the activation of an initiating device.

10 seconds

54
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Notification of the –––––– shall be made prior to alteration of equipment or wiring.

authority having jurisdiction

55
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Shunt type auxiliary systems shall be arranged so that one auxiliary transmitter does not serve more than 125,000 sq feet total area. T/F?

False

56
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According to the State Fire Marshal regulations, who is responsible for determining that the number and placement of loudspeakers as part of protective signaling systems meet the requirements of applicable standards?

The building architect

57
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The operation of all fire safety functions shall be verified by an operational test at the time of system acceptance. T/F?

True

58
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An actuating device held or locked in the activation position shall prevent the activation and transmission of all other messages. T/F?

False

59
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Self powered boxes shall have sufficient power for uninterrupted operation for a period of not less than ––––– months.

6

60
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The transmitting device shall be located as required by the AHJ. T/F?

True

61
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What shall be required where in duct smoke detectors are installed in concealed locations more than 10 feet AFF or in arrangements where the detector's alarm or supervisory indicator is not visible to responding personnel? (2)

A sign indicating the duct detectors location and a remote alarm or supervisory indicator

62
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In a coded, wired reporting system, using a constant current (100 milliamp) system, all devices connected in series with any alarm circuit shall function when the alarm circuit current is reduced to ––––– % of normal.

70%

63
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100,000 sq ft is the largest area any one zone shall be. T/F?

True

64
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If an intermittent trouble signal is used, it shall sound at least every 10 seconds with a minimum duration of 1/2 second. T/F?

True

65
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What is a document that acknowledges the features of installation, operation, performance, service and equipment with representation by the property owner, system installer, system supplier, service organization, and the AHJ called?

Record of certification

66
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A 1/3 octave filter has a bandwidth that comprises a frequency range with a factor of 2 1/3. The octave filter can be subdivided into three 1/3 octave bands. T/F?

True

67
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A defined area within the protectged premises. A ––––– can define an area from which a signal can be received, an area to which a signal can be sent, or an area in which a form of control can be executed.

zone

68
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A public FA reporting system is called a ––––– FA system.

Municipal

69
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The decision to designate a standard as a ––––– is based on such factors as the size and scope of the document, its intended use and form of adoption and whether it contains substantial enforcement and administrative positions.

Code

70
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A ––––– is a standard taht is an extensive compilation of provisions conveying a broad subject matter that is suitable for adoption into law independently.

code

71
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–––– is a fire detector that detects either abnormally high temperature or rate of temperature rise, or both.

Heat detector

72
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The location of the equipment needed to relay signals between supervising stations, subsidiary stations, and protected premises is a –––––

Repeater station

73
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A ––––– is an assembly that incorporates the detector, the control equipment, and the alarm–sounding device in one unit operated from a power supply either in the unit or obtained at the point of installation.

Single station alarm

74
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If an intermittent signal is used, it shall sound at least once every 10 seconds, with a 1/2 second minimum duration, this applies to ––––– signals.

trouble

75
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An –––––– system is one in which signaling devices such as transponders are employed to transmit status signals of each initiating device or initiating device circuit within a prescribed time interval so that the lack of receipt of such a signal can be interpreted as a trouble.

active multiplexing

76
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–––––– is the maximum number of discrete elements of FA systems permitted to be used in a particular configuration.

Loading Capacity

77
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A ––––– is a publicly accessible FA box that can also be operated by 1 or more remote initiating devices or an aux. fire system used to send an alarm to the public fire service communiciations center.

Master box

78
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A ––––– is a detector comprising of an assembly that incorporates a sensor, control components, and alarm notificaton appliance in one unit that is operated from a power source either located in the unit or obtained at the point of installation.

Single Station Alarm Device

79
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A –––– is a single station alarm capable of being interconnected to one or more additional alarms so that the actuation of one caused the appropriate alarm signal to operate in all interconnected alarms.

Multiple Station Alarm

80
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A ––––– is a system component that provides an interface between signaling line circuits, initiating device circutis, or control units and the transmission channel.

Transmitter

81
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A –––––– is a fire alarm system component such as a bell, horn, speaker, light or test display that provides audible, tactile, or visible outputs, or any combination thereof.

Notification appliance

82
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The ––––– is the root mean square A–weighted, sound pressure level measured over the period of time that any person is present, or a 24 hour period, whichever time is lesser.

Average Ambient Sound Level

83
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––––– is an audible or visible signal that conveys several discrete bits or units of information.

Coded

84
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A –––––– is a device that responds when its operating element becomes heated to a predetermined level.

Fixed–Temperature Heat Detector

85
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An ––––– is the bandwidth of a filter that comprises a frequency range of a factor of 2.

Octave

86
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A ––––– is a document that acknowledges the features of installation, operation, service, and equipment with representation by the property owner, syste installer, system supplierm service organization, and AHJ.

Record of Completion

87
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Visual and audible means to indicate a ––––– % or greater reduction of normal power supply shall be provided.

15

88
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Reacceptance testing shall be performed after any of the following (3) –––––

–Added or deleted system components\n–Modification, repair or adjustment to system hardware or wiring,\n–Any change to site specific software

89
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In order to perform service work on a protective signaling system, the company must obtain a state contractor's license which covers this type of work. T/F?

True

90
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An over current protective device of suitable current carrying capacity capable of interrupting the max short circuit shall be provided in each ground conductor? T/F?

False

91
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A licensee must employ at least one person qualified and who holds a certificate of registration card to install and service protective signaling systems in order for the license to remain valid. T/F?

True

92
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Faults in other systems or components shall not affect the operation of the fire warning system. T/F?

True

93
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No fire system device or component of any fire system may be installed in Nevada unless listed by –––––

UL (Underwriters Laboratory)

94
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The number of supervisory devices permitted to be connected to a signal initiating device circuit shall not exceed –––––

20

95
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If you have a change of address, you must per state law, notify the Office of the State Fire Marshal in writing within ––––– days and pay the fee of –––––.

7\n$11

96
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For the purpose of alarm annunciation, each floor of the building is not considered as a separate zone. T/F?

False (it is)

97
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Each coded radio box shall automatically transmit a test message at least once in each ––––– hour period.

24

98
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A distributor or installer of protective signaling systems may install a system without a license issued by the State Fire Marshall. T/F?

False

99
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Location of initiating devices, shall consider conditions such as high or low temperatures, humidity or sources of smoke that can lead to nuisance alarms. T/F?

True

100
New cards

In a system with a tone generator, the State Fire Marshall Regulations require that the tone be –––––

unique and distinctive enough to awaken a sleeping person.

Explore top notes

Imperialism Rise in Nationalism • During the French and Industrial Revolution, nationalism continued to inspire nations to increase their political and economic power. • Nationalism became the ideal force in the political, economic, and cultural life in the world, becoming the first universal ideology-organizing all people into a nation state. Nationalism Defined • The strong belief that the interest of a particular nation-state is of primary importance. o Nation-State – a state where the vast majority shares the same culture and is conscious of it. It is an ideal in which cultural boundaries match up with political ones. • As an ideology, it is based on the idea that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual/group interests. • Exalting one nation’s belief above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests, excluding the interests of others. Changing the World through a Nationalistic Vision • The French Revolution significantly changed the political world and how countries govern. • The Industrial Revolution significantly changed the economic world. • The Age of Imperialism (1870-1914) dramatically changed the political, economic, and social world. What is Imperialism? • Imperialism- The policy of extending the rule of authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. Power and influence are done through diplomacy or military force. Reasons for Imperialism • There are 5 main motives for empires to seek to expand their rule over other countries or territories: 1. Exploratory • Imperial nations wanted to explore territory unknown to them. • The main purpose for this exploration of new lands was for resource acquisition, medical or scientific research. o Charles Darwin • Other reasons: o Cartography (map making) o Adventure 2. Ethnocentric • Europeans acted on the concept of ethnocentrism o Ethnocentrism- the belief that one race or nation is superior to others. • Ethnocentrism developed out of Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory. Philosophers used the theory to explain why there were superior races and inferior races. o This became known as Social Darwinism. • Most imperial nations believed that their cultural values or beliefs were superior to other nations or groups. • Believed imperial conquest would bring successful culture to inferior people. 3. Religious • Imperial expansion promoted a religious movement of people setting out to convert new members of conquered territories. • With the belief that Christianity was superior, missionaries believed it was their duty to spread Christianity to the world. • Christian missionaries established churches, and in doing so, they spread Western culture values as well. • Typically, missionaries spread the imperial nation's language through education and religious interactions. 4. Political • Patriotism and Nationalism helped spur our imperial growth, thus creating competition against other supremacies. • It was a matter of national pride, respect, and security. • Furthermore, European rivalry spurred nations for imperial conquest. Since land equaled power, the more land a country could acquire the more prestige they could wield across the globe. • Empires wanted strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world. • The empire believed they must expand, thus they needed to be defended. 5. Economic • With the Industrial Revolution taking place during the same time, governments and private companies contributed to find ways to maximize profits. • Imperialized countries provided European factories and markets with natural resources (old and new) to manufacture products. • Trading posts were strategically placed around imperialized countries to maximize and increase profits. o Such places as the Suez Canal in Egypt which was controlled by the British provided strategic choke hold over many European powers. o Imperial powers competed over the best potential locations for resources, markets, and trade. History of Imperialism • Ancient Imperialism 600 BCE-500 CE o Roman Empire, Ancient China, Greek Empire, Persian Empire, Babylonian Empire. • Middle Age Imperialism (Age of Colonialism-1400-1800s) o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands (Dutch), Russia. • Age of Imperialism 1870-1914 o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Japan, United States, Ottoman Empire, Russia. • Current Imperialism...? o U.S. Military intervention (i.e. Middle East) o Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine. Imperialism Colonialism • Refers to political or economic control, either legally or illegally. • Refers to where one nation assumes control over the other. • Creating an empire, expanding into neighboring regions and expanding the dominance far outside its borders. • Where a country conquers and rules over other regions for exploiting resources from the conquered country for the conqueror's benefit. • Foreign government controls/governs a territory without significant settlement. • Foreign government controls/governs the territory from within the land being colonized. • Little to no new settlement established on fresh territory. • Movement to settle to fresh territory. Age of Colonialism WHEN? • Started around the late 1400s and ended around the late 1700s/early 1800s. WHY? • Primary Reason: European countries, wished to find a direct trade route to Asia (China & India) and the East Indies. o Quicker and relatively more effective than land routes over Asia. • Secondary Reason: Empire expansion (land power) WHO? • Countries involved: Great Britain, France, Spain, the Dutch & Portugal. • Individuals’ knowns as Mercantilists believed that maintaining imperialized territory and colonizing the region could serve as a source of wealth, while personal motives by rulers, explorers, and missionaries could therefore promote their own agenda. o This agenda being “Glory, God and Gold”. Mercantilism • Mercantilism was a popular and main economic system for many European nations during the 16th to 18th centuries. • The main goal was to increase a nation’s wealth by promoting government rule of a nation’s economy for the purpose of enhancing state power at the expense of rival national power. • It was the economic counterpart of political absolutism. Why did mercantilists want colonies? • Mercantilists believed that a country must have an excess of exports over imports. • By colonizing territory, it provided the nation with indispensable wealth of precious raw materials. • Therefore, the claimed territory served as a market and supplier of raw materials for the mother country. Which, in time, provided an excess of exports for the nation and thus created wealth. o Development of Trading Companies to support this economic system. Hudson Bay Company – (1670). Controlled primarily North America. o Dutch East Indie Trading Company (1682) o East Indian Trading Company (1600) o Royal African Trade Company (1672) WHERE? • European nations begun to colonize the America, India and the East Indies to create a direct trade route. • Great Britain was the leading power in India, Australia and North America, South Africa. • Spain colonized central and South America. • French held Louisiana, coastal land of Africa and French Guinea. • The Dutch built an empire in the East Indies. • The Portuguese was able to take control of present-day Brazil and the southern tip of South America and Japan. Age of Colonialism • As countries started to imperialize these regions, eventually the concept of colonization took hold: • This is what makes the Age of Colonialism extremely different! End of Colonialism • By 1800, colonialism became less popular • Why? o Revolutions (Spain, France & American) o The Napoleonic Wars o Struggle for nationalism and democracy. o Exhausted all money and energy to supervise their colonies. Waiting to wake again • Imperialism would stay quiet for close to 50 years before Great Britain and France’s economies revitalized. • The outbreak of the Industrial Revolution only encouraged and revitalized European nations to begin their conquest for new territory and resources. Age of Imperialism THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1870-1914 Conditions Prior to Imperialism of Africa  European interest in exploiting Africa was minimal.  Their economic interests & profit in Africa primarily came through coastal trade that took place during the 1500-1700s.  The slave trade became the main source of European profit.  Furthermore, disease, political instability, lack of transportation and unpredictable climate all discouraged Europeans from seeking territory. Slave Trade & the Trans-Atlantic Slave Voyages  Forced labor was not uncommon during the 13-17th Centuries. Africans and Europeans had been trading goods and people across the Mediteranea for centuries.  This all changed from 1526 to 1867, as a new system of slavery was introduced that became highly “commercialized, racialized and inherited”  By 1690, the America and West Indies saw approximately 30,000 African people shipped from Africa. A century later, that number grew to 85,000 people per year.  By 1867, approximately 12.5 million people (about twice the population of Arizona) left Africa in a slave ship. What Changed? 1. End of the Slave Trade- Left a need for trade between Europe and Africa. 2. Innovation in technology- The steam engine and iron hulled boats allowed Europe 3. Discovery of new raw materials- Explorers located vast raw materials and resources and this only spurred imperialism with Europe in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. 4. Politics- Unification of Germany and Italy left little room to expand in Europe. Germany and Italy both needed raw materials to “catch up” with Britain and France so they looked to Africa. The Scramble for Africa  The scramble started in 1870.  Although some coastal land had previously been acquired before 1870, the need for territory quickly accelerated as European countries looked t get deeper into Africa.  Within 20 years, nearly all continents were placed under imperialistic rule. Who was Involved?  Great Britain  France  Germany  Italy  Portugal  Belgium  Spain (kind) Violent Affairs  Violence broke out multiple times when European nations looked to claim the same territory.  Germ Chancellor. Otto van Bismarck. Attempted to avert the possibility of violence against the European powers.  In 1884, Bismarck organized a conference in Berlin for the European nations. The Berlin Conference (1884-85)  The conference looked to set ground rules for future annexation of African territory by European Nations.  Annexation is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state’s territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory.  From a distant perspective, it looked like it would reduce tensions among European nations and avert war.  At the heart of the meeting, these European countries negotiated their claims to African territory, made it official and then mapped their regions.  Furthermore, the leaders agreed to allow free trade among imperialized territory and some homework for negotiating future European claims in Africa was established. Further Path  After the conference, european powers continued to expand their claims in Africa so that by 1900. 90% of the African territory had been claimed. A Turn towards Colonization?  Upon the imperialization of African territory, European nations and little interest in African land unless it produced economic wealth.  Therefore, European governments put little effort and expertise into these imperialized regions.  In most cases, this emat a form of indirect rule. Thus, governing the natin without sufficient settlement and government from within the mother country. Some Exceptions  There were some exemptions through in Africa as colonization was a necessary for some regions i n Africa.  Some regions where diamonds and gold were present. Government looked to protectorate the regions and establish rule and settlement in the regions.  Protectorates: A state controlled and protected by another state for defense against aggression and other law violations. Would  Some examples include South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Congo. Conclusion  Although it may appear that the Berlin Conference averted war amid the African Scramble, imperialism eventually brought the world into worldwide conflict.  With the continued desire to create an empire by European nations. World War 1 would break out which can be linked to this quest at imperialism.
Updated 490d ago
note Note
Imperialism Rise in Nationalism • During the French and Industrial Revolution, nationalism continued to inspire nations to increase their political and economic power. • Nationalism became the ideal force in the political, economic, and cultural life in the world, becoming the first universal ideology-organizing all people into a nation state. Nationalism Defined • The strong belief that the interest of a particular nation-state is of primary importance. o Nation-State – a state where the vast majority shares the same culture and is conscious of it. It is an ideal in which cultural boundaries match up with political ones. • As an ideology, it is based on the idea that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual/group interests. • Exalting one nation’s belief above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests, excluding the interests of others. Changing the World through a Nationalistic Vision • The French Revolution significantly changed the political world and how countries govern. • The Industrial Revolution significantly changed the economic world. • The Age of Imperialism (1870-1914) dramatically changed the political, economic, and social world. What is Imperialism? • Imperialism- The policy of extending the rule of authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. Power and influence are done through diplomacy or military force. Reasons for Imperialism • There are 5 main motives for empires to seek to expand their rule over other countries or territories: 1. Exploratory • Imperial nations wanted to explore territory unknown to them. • The main purpose for this exploration of new lands was for resource acquisition, medical or scientific research. o Charles Darwin • Other reasons: o Cartography (map making) o Adventure 2. Ethnocentric • Europeans acted on the concept of ethnocentrism o Ethnocentrism- the belief that one race or nation is superior to others. • Ethnocentrism developed out of Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory. Philosophers used the theory to explain why there were superior races and inferior races. o This became known as Social Darwinism. • Most imperial nations believed that their cultural values or beliefs were superior to other nations or groups. • Believed imperial conquest would bring successful culture to inferior people. 3. Religious • Imperial expansion promoted a religious movement of people setting out to convert new members of conquered territories. • With the belief that Christianity was superior, missionaries believed it was their duty to spread Christianity to the world. • Christian missionaries established churches, and in doing so, they spread Western culture values as well. • Typically, missionaries spread the imperial nation's language through education and religious interactions. 4. Political • Patriotism and Nationalism helped spur our imperial growth, thus creating competition against other supremacies. • It was a matter of national pride, respect, and security. • Furthermore, European rivalry spurred nations for imperial conquest. Since land equaled power, the more land a country could acquire the more prestige they could wield across the globe. • Empires wanted strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world. • The empire believed they must expand, thus they needed to be defended. 5. Economic • With the Industrial Revolution taking place during the same time, governments and private companies contributed to find ways to maximize profits. • Imperialized countries provided European factories and markets with natural resources (old and new) to manufacture products. • Trading posts were strategically placed around imperialized countries to maximize and increase profits. o Such places as the Suez Canal in Egypt which was controlled by the British provided strategic choke hold over many European powers. o Imperial powers competed over the best potential locations for resources, markets, and trade. History of Imperialism • Ancient Imperialism 600 BCE-500 CE o Roman Empire, Ancient China, Greek Empire, Persian Empire, Babylonian Empire. • Middle Age Imperialism (Age of Colonialism-1400-1800s) o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands (Dutch), Russia. • Age of Imperialism 1870-1914 o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Japan, United States, Ottoman Empire, Russia. • Current Imperialism...? o U.S. Military intervention (i.e. Middle East) o Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine. Imperialism Colonialism • Refers to political or economic control, either legally or illegally. • Refers to where one nation assumes control over the other. • Creating an empire, expanding into neighboring regions and expanding the dominance far outside its borders. • Where a country conquers and rules over other regions for exploiting resources from the conquered country for the conqueror's benefit. • Foreign government controls/governs a territory without significant settlement. • Foreign government controls/governs the territory from within the land being colonized. • Little to no new settlement established on fresh territory. • Movement to settle to fresh territory. Age of Colonialism WHEN? • Started around the late 1400s and ended around the late 1700s/early 1800s. WHY? • Primary Reason: European countries, wished to find a direct trade route to Asia (China & India) and the East Indies. o Quicker and relatively more effective than land routes over Asia. • Secondary Reason: Empire expansion (land power) WHO? • Countries involved: Great Britain, France, Spain, the Dutch & Portugal. • Individuals’ knowns as Mercantilists believed that maintaining imperialized territory and colonizing the region could serve as a source of wealth, while personal motives by rulers, explorers, and missionaries could therefore promote their own agenda. o This agenda being “Glory, God and Gold”. Mercantilism • Mercantilism was a popular and main economic system for many European nations during the 16th to 18th centuries. • The main goal was to increase a nation’s wealth by promoting government rule of a nation’s economy for the purpose of enhancing state power at the expense of rival national power. • It was the economic counterpart of political absolutism. Why did mercantilists want colonies? • Mercantilists believed that a country must have an excess of exports over imports. • By colonizing territory, it provided the nation with indispensable wealth of precious raw materials. • Therefore, the claimed territory served as a market and supplier of raw materials for the mother country. Which, in time, provided an excess of exports for the nation and thus created wealth. o Development of Trading Companies to support this economic system. Hudson Bay Company – (1670). Controlled primarily North America. o Dutch East Indie Trading Company (1682) o East Indian Trading Company (1600) o Royal African Trade Company (1672) WHERE? • European nations begun to colonize the America, India and the East Indies to create a direct trade route. • Great Britain was the leading power in India, Australia and North America, South Africa. • Spain colonized central and South America. • French held Louisiana, coastal land of Africa and French Guinea. • The Dutch built an empire in the East Indies. • The Portuguese was able to take control of present-day Brazil and the southern tip of South America and Japan. Age of Colonialism • As countries started to imperialize these regions, eventually the concept of colonization took hold: • This is what makes the Age of Colonialism extremely different! End of Colonialism • By 1800, colonialism became less popular • Why? o Revolutions (Spain, France & American) o The Napoleonic Wars o Struggle for nationalism and democracy. o Exhausted all money and energy to supervise their colonies. Waiting to wake again • Imperialism would stay quiet for close to 50 years before Great Britain and France’s economies revitalized. • The outbreak of the Industrial Revolution only encouraged and revitalized European nations to begin their conquest for new territory and resources. Age of Imperialism THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1870-1914 Conditions Prior to Imperialism of Africa  European interest in exploiting Africa was minimal.  Their economic interests & profit in Africa primarily came through coastal trade that took place during the 1500-1700s.  The slave trade became the main source of European profit.  Furthermore, disease, political instability, lack of transportation and unpredictable climate all discouraged Europeans from seeking territory. Slave Trade & the Trans-Atlantic Slave Voyages  Forced labor was not uncommon during the 13-17th Centuries. Africans and Europeans had been trading goods and people across the Mediteranea for centuries.  This all changed from 1526 to 1867, as a new system of slavery was introduced that became highly “commercialized, racialized and inherited”  By 1690, the America and West Indies saw approximately 30,000 African people shipped from Africa. A century later, that number grew to 85,000 people per year.  By 1867, approximately 12.5 million people (about twice the population of Arizona) left Africa in a slave ship. What Changed? 1. End of the Slave Trade- Left a need for trade between Europe and Africa. 2. Innovation in technology- The steam engine and iron hulled boats allowed Europe 3. Discovery of new raw materials- Explorers located vast raw materials and resources and this only spurred imperialism with Europe in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. 4. Politics- Unification of Germany and Italy left little room to expand in Europe. Germany and Italy both needed raw materials to “catch up” with Britain and France so they looked to Africa. The Scramble for Africa  The scramble started in 1870.  Although some coastal land had previously been acquired before 1870, the need for territory quickly accelerated as European countries looked t get deeper into Africa.  Within 20 years, nearly all continents were placed under imperialistic rule. Who was Involved?  Great Britain  France  Germany  Italy  Portugal  Belgium  Spain (kind) Violent Affairs  Violence broke out multiple times when European nations looked to claim the same territory.  Germ Chancellor. Otto van Bismarck. Attempted to avert the possibility of violence against the European powers.  In 1884, Bismarck organized a conference in Berlin for the European nations. The Berlin Conference (1884-85)  The conference looked to set ground rules for future annexation of African territory by European Nations.  Annexation is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state’s territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory.  From a distant perspective, it looked like it would reduce tensions among European nations and avert war.  At the heart of the meeting, these European countries negotiated their claims to African territory, made it official and then mapped their regions.  Furthermore, the leaders agreed to allow free trade among imperialized territory and some homework for negotiating future European claims in Africa was established. Further Path  After the conference, european powers continued to expand their claims in Africa so that by 1900. 90% of the African territory had been claimed. A Turn towards Colonization?  Upon the imperialization of African territory, European nations and little interest in African land unless it produced economic wealth.  Therefore, European governments put little effort and expertise into these imperialized regions.  In most cases, this emat a form of indirect rule. Thus, governing the natin without sufficient settlement and government from within the mother country. Some Exceptions  There were some exemptions through in Africa as colonization was a necessary for some regions i n Africa.  Some regions where diamonds and gold were present. Government looked to protectorate the regions and establish rule and settlement in the regions.  Protectorates: A state controlled and protected by another state for defense against aggression and other law violations. Would  Some examples include South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Congo. Conclusion  Although it may appear that the Berlin Conference averted war amid the African Scramble, imperialism eventually brought the world into worldwide conflict.  With the continued desire to create an empire by European nations. World War 1 would break out which can be linked to this quest at imperialism.
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