[BIO 142] Lecture Quiz 7

artificial pacemaker

A small, battery-operated device that keeps one’s heart beating in a regular rhythm. It may be permanently implanted or temporarily placed externally.

asystole

The absence of cardiac activity with no contraction and no output.

automated external defibrillator (AED)

A device that, when applied, automatically checks the function of the heart. Upon detecting a condition that may respond to an electric shock, it delivers a shock to restore normal heartbeat rhythm.

automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD)

A surgically implanted battery-operated device that monitors the function of the heart. Upon detecting a condition that may respond to an electric shock, such as a disorganized heartbeat, the device delivers a shock to restore normal heartbeat rhythm.

cardiac arrest

Sudden stopping of the pumping action of the heart causing the loss of arterial blood pressure.

Cardiology

The branch of medicine dealing with diagnosis and treatment of heart diorders and related conditions.

cardiomegaly

An enlarged heart, which is a sign of some other condition such as stress, weakening of the heart muscle, coronary artery disease, heart valve problems, or abnormal heart rhythms.

cardiomyoplasty

A surgical procedure that uses stimulated latissimus dorsi muscle to assist with cardiac function. The latissimus dorsi muscle is relocated and wrapped around the left and right ventricles and stimulated to contract during cardiac systole by means of an implanted burst-stimulator.

commotio cordis

Sudden cardiac arrest as the result of a blunt hit or impact to the chest.

congestive heart failure

The heart condition of weakness, edema, and shortness of breath caused by the inability of the heart to maintain adequate blood circulation in the peripheral tissues and the lungs.

cor pulmonale

Weakness of the right ventricle of the heart due to prolonged high blood pressure in the pulmonary artery and right ventricle; or any disease or malfunction that affects the pulmonary circuit in the lungs.

echocardiography

A noninvasive diagnostic test that uses ultrasound to make images of the heart chambers, valves, and surrounding structures. This diagnostic tool can also measure cardiac output, detect inflammation around the heart, identify abnormal anatomy, and detect infections of the heart valves.

endocarditis

Inflammation or infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart muscle.

fibrillation

Fast twitching of the heart muscle fibers with little or no movement of the whole muscle. Atrial fibrillation occurs in the atria of the heart and is characterized by chaotic quivers and irregular ventricular beating with both atria and ventricles being out of synchrony.

heart block

Delay in the normal electrical pulses that cause the heart to beat.

mitral valve prolapse

A condition in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve cusps dod not close properly, causing backward leaking into the left atrium from the left ventricle.

myocarditis

Inflammation of the myocardium, the middle layer of the heart wall tissue.

palpitation

Irregular and rapid beating of the heart.

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

The surgical use of a balloon-tipped catheter to enlarge a narrowed artery.

sick sinus syndrome

A group of heart rhythm disorders or problems in which the sinoatrial node does not work properly to regulate the heart rhythms.

angiogram

An x-ray of a blood vessel that becomes visible due to a prior injection of dye into the subject’s bloodstream.

carotid sinus massage

A procedure that involves rubbing the large part of the arterial wall at the point where the common carotid artery divides into its two main branches.

intermittent claudication

A limp that results from cramping leg pain that is typically caused by obstruction of the arteries.

Korotkoff sounds

Distinctive sounds, caused by turbulent arterial blood flow, heard through the stethoscope while measuring blood pressure.

normotensive

Having normal blood pressure.

orthostatic hypotension

A form of low blood pressure that occurs when a person stands up from sitting or lying down. It can cause dizziness or a light-headed feeling.

phlebitis

Inflammation of a vein.

Raynaud’s phenomenon

A condition caused by decreased blood flow to the extermities characterized by pain, numbness, and discoloration when a person is subjected to cold temperatures or emotional stress.

sclerotherapy

The treatment of varicose veins in which an irritant is injected to cause inflammation, coagulation of blood, and a narrowing of the blood vessel wall.

Sphygmomanometer

A device that measures blood pressure using an inflatable cuff placed around a limb.

Syncope

A temporary loss of consciousness due to a sudden drop in blood pressure.

Thrill

A vibration felt in a blood vessel that usually occurs due to abnormal blood flow. It is also often noticed at the fistula of a hemodialysis patient.

thrombophlebitis

An inflammation in a vein associated with the formation of a thrombus.

vascular murmur

Periodic abnormal sounds heard with auscultation that result from turbulent blood flow.

white coat hypertension

A short-term increase in blood pressure triggered by the sight of medical personnel in white coats or other medical attire.