Studied by 10 people1. independent variable:
what changed in an experiment
2. dependent variable:
what changes in an experiment
Length:
distance between two points
Meter:
SI unit for length
Metric ruler:
used to measure length
Volume:
space occupied by an object
Liter:
SI unit for volume of a liquid
Cubic meter:
SI unit for a rectangular object
Graduated cylinder:
device used to measure volume of a liquid
Meniscus:
the curved upward surface of a liquid in a cylinder
Mass:
amount of matter in an object
Gram:
SI unit for mass
triple beam balance:
device used to measure the mass of an object
Density:
is a measurement that compares the amount of matter an object contains to its volume
Temperature:
measure of heat on something
Thermometer:
device used to measure temperature
17. Kelvin:
SI unit of temperature
18. Celsius:
SI unit used to measure the temperature
19. Fahrenheit:
a unit to measure of temperature in the Imperial system
20. Absolute zero:
the coldest temperature possible
21. Experiment:
a test in science
22. scientific method:
a way of solving problems
23. Hypothesis:
a prediction that can be tested
24. Variable:
something in an experiment that can change
25. Theory:
an explanation of things or events based on scientific knowledge
26. Law:
a statement about things work in nature that seems to be true all the time
27. Control:
the standard to which the outcome of a test will be compared
Aristotle:
Greek philosopher that lived more than 2,000 years ago. He was one of the first people to classify organisms.
Carolus Linnaeus:
In the 1700s, a Swedish physician and botanist, classified organisms based on similar structures. Linnaeus placed all organism into two main groups, called kingdoms.
Robert H. Whittaker:
an American biologist who came up with a five-kingdom system for classifying organisms. Those kingdoms are Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
Binomial Nomenclature:
gives each organism a two-word scientific name
Dichotomous Key:
is a series of descriptions arranged in pairs that lead the user to the identification of an unknown organism
Classification:
system of organization based on shared characteristics or qualities
Species:
is a group of organisms that have similar traits and are able to produce fertile offspring
Systematics:
the branch of biology that deals with classification
Genus:
A group of similar species
Biodiversity:
variety of life that can be found on Earth
38. Cell walls:
tough, rigid outer covering that protects the cell and give it shape
39. Organelles:
mini organs for cells
40. Nucleus:
directs all cell activities and is separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane
41. Chloroplasts:
contains the green pigment chlorophyll, which gives many leaves and stems their green color
42. Mitochondria:
organelles where energy is released from breaking down food into carbon dioxide and water
43. Ribosomes:
even though they are organelles, they are not membrane bound. Some ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm; others are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
44. Golgi bodies:
stacked, flattened membranes. The golgi bodies sort proteins and other cellular substances and package them into membrane-bound structures called vesicles.
45. endoplasmic reticulum:
extends from the nucleus to the cell membrane. It is a series of folded membranes in which materials can be processed and moved around inside the cell.
46. Tissue:
a group of similar cells that work together to do one job. Each cell in a tissue does its part to keep the tissue alive
47. Organ:
a structure made up of two or more different types of tissues that work together
48. Cell theory:
theories that explained cells in the 17th century
49. Virus:
a strand of hereditary material surrounded by a protein coating. Viruses don't have a nucleus or organelles
50. Host Cell:
a cell hosting a virus in it
51. Mixture:
a combination of substances in which individual substances retain their own properties
52. Organic Compounds:
contain carbon and hydrogen and usually are associated with living things
53. Enzymes:
proteins that regulate nearly all chemical reactions in cells
54. Inorganic Compounds:
are made from elements other than carbon and generally, they contain fewer atoms than organic molecules
55. Osmosis:
When water molecules move by diffusion into and out of a cell
56. Active Transport:
when an input of energy is required to move materials through a cell membrane
vacuoles
a membrane-bound space for temporary storage of materials. it can store waste, food or other cellular material
lysosomes
contains digestive chemicals that help break down food molecules, cell water, and worn-out cell parts
Zacharias Janssen (1595)
A dutch lens maker that produced the first microscope
Robert Hooke (1665)
An english scientist that looked at cork under a microscope and named the tiny compartments cells
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1676)
A Dutch lens maker that observed tiny objects in pond water and that he called Animalcules
Edward Jenner (1796)
An English surgeon who discovered a vaccination for smallpox
Robert Brown (1833)
An English botanist that discovered the nucleus in a plant cell
Mathias Schleiden (1838)
A german botanist that discovered plants are composed of cells
Theodor Schwann (1839)
A german zoologist that discovered animals are made of cells
Rudolf Virchow (1855)
A german physician that found cells come from other cells
Chromosomes:
a structure in the nucleus that contains hereditary information
68. Asexual reproduction:
a new organism is produced from another organism
69. Sexual reproduction:
two cells come together
70. Sperm:
formed in male reproduction systems
71. Eggs:
formed in female reproduction systems
72. Fertilization:
the joining of the sperm and egg
73. Zygote:
the egg and sperm come from 2 different organisms of the same species
74. Haploid:
have only half the number of chromosomes as body cells
75. Speed:
distance traveled divided by the time it takes to travel said distance
76. Average speed:
is found by dividing total distance by the total time
77. Instantaneous Speed:
the speed of an object at one instant of time
78. Velocity:
the speed of an object and of its direction
79. Acceleration:
the change in velocity divided by the time it takes for the change to occur
80. Momentum:
a measure of how hard it is to stop an object, and it depends on the object’s mass and velocity
Mass:
the amount of matter in the object
Inertia
to resist a change in its motion
law of conservation of momentum
The total momentum of an objects that collide is the same before and after the collision
Note
Flashcard