Science: Hihihi

1. independent variable:

what changed in an experiment

2. dependent variable:

what changes in an experiment

3. Length:

distance between two points

4. Meter:

SI unit for length

5. Metric ruler:

used to measure length

6. Volume:

space occupied by an object

7. Liter:

SI unit for volume of a liquid

8. Cubic meter:

SI unit for a rectangular object

9. Graduated cylinder:

device used to measure volume of a liquid

10. Meniscus:

the curved upward surface of a liquid in a cylinder

11. Mass:

amount of matter in an object

12. Gram:

SI unit for mass

13. triple beam balance:

device used to measure the mass of an object

14. Density:

is a measurement that compares the amount of matter an object contains to its volume

15. Temperature:

measure of heat on something

16. Thermometer:

device used to measure temperature

17. Kelvin:

SI unit of temperature

18. Celsius:

SI unit used to measure the temperature

19. Fahrenheit:

a unit to measure of temperature in the Imperial system

20. Absolute zero:

the coldest temperature possible

21. Experiment:

a test in science

22. scientific method:

a way of solving problems

23. Hypothesis:

a prediction that can be tested

24. Variable:

something in an experiment that can change

25. Theory:

an explanation of things or events based on scientific knowledge

 

26. Law:

a statement about things work in nature that seems to be true all the time

27. Control:

the standard to which the outcome of a test will be compared

28. Aristotle:

Greek philosopher that lived more than 2,000 years ago. He was one of the first people to classify organisms.

29. Carolus Linnaeus:

In the 1700s, a Swedish physician and botanist, classified organisms based on similar structures. Linnaeus placed all organism into two main groups, called kingdoms.

30. Robert H. Whittaker:

an American biologist who came up with a five-kingdom system for classifying organisms. Those kingdoms are Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.

31. Binomial Nomenclature:

gives each organism a two-word scientific name

32. Dichotomous Key:

is a series of descriptions arranged in pairs that lead the user to the identification of an unknown organism

33. Classification:

system of organization based on shared characteristics or qualities

34. Species:

is a group of organisms that have similar traits and are able to produce fertile offspring

35. Systematics:

the branch of biology that deals with classification

36. Genus:

A group of similar species

37. Biodiversity:

variety of life that can be found on Earth

38. Cell walls:

tough, rigid outer covering that protects the cell and give it shape

39. Organelles:

mini organs for cells

40. Nucleus:

directs all cell activities and is separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane

41. Chloroplasts:

 contains the green pigment chlorophyll, which gives many leaves and stems their green color

42. Mitochondria:

organelles where energy is released from breaking down food into carbon dioxide and water

43. Ribosomes:

 even though they are organelles, they are not membrane bound. Some ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm; others are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

44. Golgi bodies:

stacked, flattened membranes. The golgi bodies sort proteins and other cellular substances and package them into membrane-bound structures called vesicles.

45. endoplasmic reticulum:

extends from the nucleus to the cell membrane. It is a series of folded membranes in which materials can be processed and moved around inside the cell.

46. Tissue:

a group of similar cells that work together to do one job. Each cell in a tissue does its part to keep the tissue alive

47. Organ:

a structure made up of two or more different types of tissues that work together

48. Cell theory:

 theories that explained cells in the 17th century

49. Virus:

a strand of hereditary material surrounded by a protein coating. Viruses don't have a nucleus or organelles

50. Host Cell:

a cell hosting a virus in it

51. Mixture:

a combination of substances in which individual substances retain their own properties

52. Organic Compounds:

contain carbon and hydrogen and usually are associated with living things

53. Enzymes:

proteins that regulate nearly all chemical reactions in cells

54. Inorganic Compounds:

are made from elements other than carbon and generally, they contain fewer atoms than organic molecules

55. Osmosis:

When water molecules move by diffusion into and out of a cell

56. Active Transport:

when an input of energy is required to move materials through a cell membrane

57. vacuoles

a membrane-bound space for temporary storage of materials. it can store waste, food or other cellular material

58. lysosomes

contains digestive chemicals that help break down food molecules, cell water, and worn-out cell parts

59. Zacharias Janssen (1595)

A dutch lens maker that produced the first microscope

60. Robert Hooke (1665)

An english scientist that looked at cork under a microscope and named the tiny compartments cells

61. Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1676)

A Dutch lens maker that observed tiny objects in pond water and that he called Animalcules

62. Edward Jenner (1796)

An English surgeon who discovered a vaccination for smallpox

63. Robert Brown (1833)

An English botanist that discovered the nucleus in a plant cell

64. Mathias Schleiden (1838)

A german botanist that discovered plants are composed of cells

65. Theodor Schwann (1839)

A german zoologist that discovered animals are made of cells

66. Rudolf Virchow (1855)

A german physician that found cells come from other cells

67. Chromosomes:

a structure in the nucleus that contains hereditary information

68. Asexual reproduction:

a new organism is produced from another organism

69. Sexual reproduction:

two cells come together

70. Sperm:

formed in male reproduction systems

71. Eggs:

formed in female reproduction systems

72. Fertilization:

the joining of the sperm and egg

73. Zygote:

the egg and sperm come from 2 different organisms of the same species

74. Haploid:

have only half the number of chromosomes as body cells

75. Speed:

distance traveled divided by the time it takes to travel said distance

76. Average speed:

is found by dividing total distance  by the total time

77. Instantaneous Speed:

the speed of an object at one instant of time

78. Velocity:

 the speed of an object and of its direction

79. Acceleration:

 the change in velocity divided by the time it takes for the change to occur

80. Momentum: 

a measure of how hard it is to stop an object, and it depends on the object’s mass and velocity

81. Mass:

the amount of matter in the object

82. Inertia

to resist a change in its motion

83. law of conservation of momentum

The total momentum of an objects that collide is the same before and after the collision