APUSH Period 4 Vocab

lousiana purchase

Jefferson administration- the acquisition by purchase of vast western lads. Explored by Lewis and Clark and doubled the size of the US. This set precedent for acquiring land

lewis and clark expedition

exploration of western lands by capt meriwether lewis and lt. william clark. Led to >geographic/scientific knowledge of the region, stronger US claims to Oregon, better relations w/ Indians, more accurate maps/guides

Federalist Conspiracy

Burr's secret political pact with radical Federalists trying to win governorship of NY, unite with NE states, and secede from the nation (response for failed nomination for 2nd term VP)

John Marshall

chief justice of the Scotus- FEDERALIST
-gave fed. govt. more power

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

est. principle of Judicial Review under CJ Marshall

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

est. The federal government had the implied power to create a national bank and that maryland couldn't tax it
-supremacy clause

era of good feelings

describes Monroe's presidency (Although good feelings may have only lasted from election of 1816-Panic of 1819)
-marked by a spirit of nationalism, optimism, and goodwill

henry clay's american system

Henry Clay proposed a comprehensive method for advancing US economic growth
1.) protective tarriffs
2.) national bank
3.) internal improvements

Panic of 1819

first national panic since ratification of the Constitution: financially based
-nationalistic beliefs were shaken, changed political outlooks, West called for land reform, and expressed strong opposition to the national bank and debtors prison

missouri compromise

Henry Clay: 1. admit Missouri as a slave state, 2. admit Maine as a free state 3. prohibit slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Territory North of the 36°30' line

tallamadge amendment

proposed by a NY representative, calling for 1. prohibited further introduction of slaves to Missouri and 2. emancipation of Missouri slaves at age 25.
-defeated in the Senate as it angered Southerners

barbary pirates

1st major challenge to Jefferson's foreign policy
-jefferson refused to pay tribute (like Washington/Adams did) and sends a small fleet of US Navy to the Mediterranean
-no decisive victory, but earned a little respect and some protection in the sea

chesapeake-leopard affair

In 1807, the British warship Leopard attacked the American warship Chesapeake. Three U.S. sailors were killed and four were taken captive. Many Americans demanded war but Jefferson used diplomacy and economic pressure in response.

embargo act of 1807

alternative to war with GB- prohibited US merchant ships from sailing to any foreign port
-BACKFIRED and was devestating to the US economy

macon's bill no.2

restored trade with GB and France
- if GB/France formally agreed to respect US Natural rights at sea, then the US would prohibit trade w/ that nation's foe

war of 1812 (causes)

continued violation of US neutral rights at sea and troubles with the British on the western frontier
- no physical victory, but big moral victory

war hawks

new, young Democratic republican representatives, many from frontier states, who were eager for war with GB
-Henry Clay/John Calhoun

hartford convention

meeting to discuss amending the Constitution and/or secession of the NE states- December 1814
-adopted many proposals (2/3 vote of both houses for any future declaration of war)

florida purchase treaty (Adams-Onis Treaty)

1819- Spain turned over Florida and its own claims in the Oregon territory to the US. US agreed to assume $5 million in claims against spain and give up any US territorial claims to Spanish Texas

monroe doctrine

us policy by monroe- US lands were not to be colonized by anyone in Europe and that the US opposed attempts by a European power to interfere in the affairs of the republic in the W. Hemisphere
-est. foreign policy

national/cumberland road

exception to "no roads that crossed state lines"-paved highway and and major route to the West that covered over a thousand miles from Maryland-Illinois
-used both state/fed $$

erie canal

linked the economies of western farms and eastern cities
-stimulated economy, led to more canals, improved transportation, more immigrants

robert fulton

developed the "Clermont" which was a successful steamboat voyage up the Hudson River
-changed transportation (faster/cheaper)

interchangable parts

Eli Whitney- developed universal rifle parts which allowed for mass production (efficiency)

factory system

Samuel Slater- memorized GB's systems/tech in factories
-as the factory system expanded, it encouraged the growth of financial businesses such as banking and insurance

lowell system

recruited young farm women and children to work in factories and live in company dormitories
-N. factories also emplyed immigrants towards the mid century

universal white male suffrage

Indiana, Illinois, Missouri adopted state constitutions that allowed ALL white men to vote (eliminated land requirement)
-quickly spread to other states, then the whole country

spoils system

appointing people to federal jobs according to whether they had actively campaigned for the representative
-"reward" for supporting the winning candidate