chapter 21: the proton motive force

chemiosmotic theory

proposal that electron transport and ATP synthesis are coupled by a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

matrix, intermembrane space

there is a low H+ concentration in the ____________ and high H+ concentration in the ________________

intermembrane space, matrix

protons are being pumped from __________ to ____________

proton motive force

the energy-rich and unequal distribution of protons is called _______________

chemical and charge gradient

two components of the proton-motive force

downhill, uphill

membrane must contain proteins that couple the __________ flow of electrons in the ETC with the __________ flow of protons across the membrane

F0 subunit

subunit of ATP synthase that acts as a proton channel, allowing H+ to flow back into the mitochondrial matrix

F1 subunit

subunit of ATP synthase that is the catalytic site where ATP is synthesized

embedded in inner mitochondrial membrane

where is F0 subunit located?

resides in the matrix

where is the F1 subunit located?

matrix

protons exit into the ______ through ATP synthase

-

write out mechanism of ATP synthesis using the O, L, and T forms

gamma, beta

the rotation of the ______ unit interconverts the ______ subunits

a, c ring

the __ unit remains stationary as the ______ rotates

1. intermembrane space, cytoplasmic half, glutamine, asparate, c

2. matrix half

3. matrix

1. A proton enters from the ___________ into the _____________ channel to neutralize the charge on a ___________ or ___________ residue in a __ subunit

2. with this charge neutralized, the c ring can rotate clockwise by one subunit, moving the amino acid residue out of the membrane into the ___________ channel

3. this proton can move into the _________, resetting the system to its initial state

-

draw out G3P shuttle mechanism

-

write out equation for G3P shuttle reaction

1.5

cytoplasmic NADH transported by G3P shuttle yields ___ ATP

malate-asparate shuttle

in the heart and liver, electrons from cytoplasmic NADH are used to generate mitochondrial NADH through the _________________

-

write out equation for malate-asparate shuttle reaction

-

draw out mechanism for malate-asparate shuttle

ATP-ADP translocase

enables the exchange of cytoplasmic ADP for mitochondrial ATP

-

write out mechanism of mitochondrial ATP-ADP translocase

26

how many molecules of ATP made in oxidative phosphorylation

~30

number of ATP molecules generated by the complete combustion of glucose

respiratory control/acceptor control

regulation of the rate of oxidative phosphorylation by the ADP level is called __________________