history unit test study guide

**In what war did the U.S. acquire the Philippines?**

Spanish American

**Who is David Livingstone?**

Scottish physician, missionary, and explorer. He went to Africa in 1840

**What 2 continents did European countries try and control with imperialism in the 1800s?**

Africa and Asia

**What is Imperialism?**

Extension of a nation’s power over other lands

**How much of Africa did Europeans control up until the 1880s?**

10%

**2 Africans countries that never fell under European control**

Ethiopia and Liberia

**Why did European countries want to increase the search and control for new colonies?**

Economic, political, darwinism and racism

**Berlin Conference**

Established framework for division of Africa among European powers

**What was the Anglo Zulu War?**

A war in 1879 that was of bloody battles between Britain and the Zulu nation over border disputes and imperialism as the Zulu resisted British efforts to consolidate control over South Africa

**Who were the Boers?**

Dutch South Africans

**Why were Africans attracted to Christianity?**

The military defeat shook confidence in the old gods/local practices and this led to openness to new sources of supernatural power. Christianity was associated with modern education. Oppressed groups found new opportunities, and the spread of the Christian message was mainly by teachers and pastors.

**What is the Suez Canal? Why is it important?**

A canal built from 1859-1869 in Egypt to connect the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean. This allowed new trading ports and better access to Asia for trading. Great Britain became the largest shareholder after buying out the stock owned by the Ottoman governor of Egypt. Then the British invaded Egypt in 1882

**What are squatters?**

Africans who stayed and worked for the new landowners as the price of remaining on what had been their own land

**Why did Siam remain independent from European control?**

The country was between British Burma and French Indochina so this country created a neutral zone needed for a buffer between the two countries.

**What is the Russo-Japanese War?**

Huge victory for Japan, they had just beat China for control over Korea and they fought Russia over China’s Manchuria

**The Panama Canal links what 2 oceans? Why is it important?**

Pacific and Atlantic, this helps trading happen faster because ships do not have to go all the way around South America anymore

**What natural resource did Hawaii produce?**

Sugar cane

**What is the McKinley Tariff Act?**

Passed in 1980, the act eliminated taxes on all sugar entering the U.S. This set off an economy in Hawaii.

**Who is Sanford Dole?**

An American businessman that plotted to overthrow the queen of Hawaii in 1894 to prevent the new constitution. He was a wealthy plantation owner that was named the president of the Republic of Hawaii

**For decades what is the 1 port that Westerners could trade with China through?**

The southern port of Guangzhou

**What drug was smuggled into China during the 1800s?**

opium

**What are the treaties of the 1st and 2nd Opium Wars? What important information is in those treaties?**

1. Treaty of Nanjing: imposed restrictions on the power of the Chinese emperor and extraterritorial rights where put in place
2. Treaty of Tientsin: 10 more ports opened to foreign traders, foreigners allowed to travel freely and buy land in China, Foreigners allowed to preach Christianity, and slavery ended

**What is the Taiping Rebellion?**

Hong Xiuquan from the Guangdong province began recruiting followers to help him build a “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace.” In this kingdom all would be wealthy and no one would live in poverty

**What is the Boxer Rebellion?**

Anti-foreign movement led by militia organizations called the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists (Boxers)

**For over 200 years the Japanese only traded with what country?**

Dutch

**How did the U.S. open Japan to trade?**

The US president, Millard Fillmore, sends Commodore Matthew Perry to open Japan to US trading. Perry’s guns on the warships convinced them to make concessions to the US

**The Meji Restoration took place under what emperor?**

Mutsuhito (Meiji)