ap psychology: personality

barum theory/four theory

said the same thing about personality to every one of this students. personality statements were very broad and general

personality

over time, the enduring traits and behaviors

phrenpology

FRANZ GALL

study of personality based off the size of your head

bumps/”holes” indicate different places where different traits lie, no scientific backing, early attempts of understanding personality

factor analysis

find sub-scales within a scale

very hard to do mathematical equation, finding themes within groups, problem is it won’t be very consistent

cattell

16 BF ←→ Personality as a trait (genetics)

big five/5 factor model

McCare & Costa 1995

• conscientiousness (goal oriented, dedicated, good study habits, doesn’t cut corners)

• openness (to experience, creativity)

• neuroticism (nervous, easily stressed)

• extraversion (expressive or not, talkative)

• agreeableness (agreeing to things, showing compassion/empathy)

sigmund Freud: levels of consciousness

conscious (current awareness)

preconscious (not in awareness, easily accessible)

NO ACCESS

subconscious (not in awareness, not accessible)

freud - elements of personality: libido

sex

freud - elements of personality: thanatos

violence

ego

reality principle

(acts like a referee)

id

pleasure principle

suger ego

moral principle

who battles for control?

id & super ego

how the elements of personality goes

id fights with super ego

(defense mechanisms do NOT address cause)

ego can’t stop fight → anxiety

(defense mechanisms alleviate tension)

defense mechanisms: repression

memories pot deeper into memory being repressed

defense mechanisms: regression

acting like they wannabe younger

defense mechanisms: projection

where you take feelings that you don’t like about someone else andyou put them on someone else

defense mechanisms: sublimation

where you take your inappropriate emotions and turn them into a more appropriate action

defense mechanisms: intellectualization

you try to get knowledge, you try to get control over a situation so you learn more about it

defense mechanisms: rationalization

making excuses about things

defense mechanisms: reaction formation

express the exact opposite of what you secretly feel

defense mechanisms: displacement

still showing the same action but to another target like punching the wall instead of a person

collective subconscious

CARL JUNG

multiple personal subconscious comes together from previous ancestors

archetypes

CARL JUNG

different cultures havea common theme in collective subconscious

alfred adler

what you’re very good at compensates for what you’re not so good at

what happens when you overcompensate?

inferiority complex

behaviorist assumptions about personality

shaping & modeling?

environmental determinism

?

reciprocal determinism bandura

environment ←→behavior ←→individual ←→environment

self-efficacy

BANDURA

the stronger the belief you have for yourself, the more capable you are of achieving the results

walter mischel

humanistic theory

if your ersonalitys aling, you will be happy and feel congruence (or something like that)

if not they don't aling u feel anxiety