Chapter 17: Reconstruction Era (1865-1877)

Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty required 50% of a state's population to take an oath to rejoin the Union. (T/F)?

FALSE

Radical Republicans supported lenient terms for Southern states to rejoin the Union. (T/F)?

FALSE

The Wade-Davis Bill required a majority of white males in a state to take a loyalty oath before rejoining the Union. (T/F)?

TRUE

Lincoln approved the Wade-Davis Bill. (T/F)?

FALSE

The Thirteenth Amendment officially abolished slavery in the United States. (T/F)?

TRUE

The Freedmen Bureau was created before the end of the Civil War. (T/F)?

TRUE

Andrew Johnson supported full racial equality during Reconstruction. (T/F)?

FALSE

President Johnson vetoed both the Freedmen's Bureau extension and the Civil Rights Bill. (T/F)?

TRUE

The 14th Amendment excluded Native Americans from automatic citizenship. (T/F)?

TRUE

The Military Reconstruction Act divided the South into five military districts. (T/F)?

TRUE

The Tenure of Office Act allowed the president to remove officials without Senate approval. (T/F)?

FALSE

Johnson was the first president to be impeached. (T/F)?

TRUE

Johnson was removed from office after his impeachment trial. (T/F)?

FALSE

The 15th Amendment guaranteed the right to vote for all citizens regardless of gender. (T/F)?

FALSE

During Reconstruction, sharecropping allowed poor farmers to work land in return for a share of the crops. (T/F)?

TRUE

Carpetbaggers were Northern Republicans who moved South to aid in Reconstruction. (T/F)?

TRUE

Scalawags were Southern Democrats who supported the Confederacy during the war. (T/F)?

FALSE

The Ku Klux Klan was founded in 1866 in Pulaski, Tennessee. (T/F)?

TRUE

Ulysses S. Grant won the 1868 presidential election with a majority of the popular and electoral vote. (T/F)?

TRUE

The Panic of 1873 contributed to Northern disinterest in Southern Reconstruction. (T/F)?

TRUE

The Force Acts aimed to suppress voter intimidation and KKK violence. (T/F)?

TRUE

By 1876, most Southern states were still controlled by Republican governments. (T/F)?

FALSE

Tilden won the popular vote in the 1876 election. (T/F)?

TRUE

The Compromise of 1877 resulted in Rutherford Hayes becoming president. (T/F)?

TRUE

Reconstruction ended when Hayes withdrew federal troops from the South. (T/F)?

TRUE

What was required by Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty?

10% of voters had to swear loyalty to the Union.

Who were excluded from Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty?

Confederate officials, army, navy, congressmen, and judges.

What did Radical Republicans want during Reconstruction?

Harsh punishment for Confederates and civil rights for freed slaves.

Who sponsored the Wade-Davis Bill?

Senators Benjamin Wade and Henry Davis.

What did the Wade-Davis Bill require for a state to rejoin the Union?

Majority oath by white citizens and a constitutional convention.

When was the Thirteenth Amendment ratified?

December 18, 1865.

What did the Thirteenth Amendment do?

Abolished slavery.

What agency was established in March 1865 to aid freed slaves?

Freedmen's Bureau.

Who led the Freedmen Bureau?

Oliver Otis Howard.

What services did the Freedmen Bureau provide?

Labor contracts, medical care, food, clothing, schools.

When was Lincoln assassinated?

April 14, 1865.

Who assassinated Abraham Lincoln?

John Wilkes Booth.

Who succeeded Abraham Lincoln as President?

Andrew Johnson.

Where was Andrew Johnson from?

North Carolina.

What political group did Andrew Johnson belong to?

War Democrats.

What did Johnson Reconstruction Plan offer?

Pardons to most white Southerners who took a loyalty oath.

Who were Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens?

Radical Republicans.

What did the Civil Rights Bill of 1866 aim to do?

Undo the Black Codes.

Which amendment provided citizenship to all born in the U.S.?

Fourteenth Amendment.

What was the purpose of the Military Reconstruction Act?

Divide South into military districts and enforce Reconstruction.

What did the Command of Army Act require?

Army orders from the president had to go through General Grant.

Who was Edwin Stanton?

Secretary of War who opposed Johnson.

Why was Johnson impeached?

Violation of the Tenure of Office Act.

What was the Senate vote count on Johnson's impeachment?

35-19, one vote short of removal.

What did the Fifteenth Amendment prohibit?

Denying voting rights based on race or previous servitude.

When were the last three Southern states readmitted to the Union?

1870

What were the three phases of Southern state governments during Reconstruction?

Ex-Confederate control, Republican domination, Democratic return.

By 1890, how many African Americans joined the Baptist Church?

Over 1.3 million.

How many African Americans became Republican state legislators?

Over 600.

What is sharecropping?

Working land for a share of crops instead of wages.

Who were carpetbaggers?

Northerners who moved South post-war.

What were scalawags?

Southern whites who supported Reconstruction.

What did the Southern Republican Party consist of?

Businessmen, poor whites, and blacks.

Who led the Ku Klux Klan?

Nathan Bedford Forrest.

What did the KKK aim to do?

Undermine Republican influence and suppress black voting.

What year was the KKK founded?

1866

Who ran against Grant in the 1868 election?

Horatio Seymour.

What percentage of the electoral vote did Grant receive in 1868?

73%.

What economic scandal occurred during Grant's presidency?

Gold Panic involving Fisk and Gould.

What did the Public Credit Act of 1869 ensure?

Repayment of bonds in gold.

What triggered the Panic of 1873?

Bank failures and economic downturn.

How did the Panic of 1873 affect Reconstruction?

Northerners shifted focus to economic recovery.

What were the Force Acts of 1870–71?

Laws to combat KKK and protect black voting rights.

How many Southern states had Republican governments by 1876?

Three.

What did white Southerners demand by 1876?

Withdrawal of federal troops and end to black rights.

Who won the popular vote in the 1876 election?

Samuel J. Tilden.

How many electoral votes did Hayes need to win?

185

What issue caused the 1876 election dispute?

20 contested electoral votes.

What was the result of the Compromise of 1877?

Hayes became president and ended Reconstruction.

Who was the swing vote on the electoral commission of 1877?

Justice David Davis (replaced by a Republican).

What did Democrats promise in the Compromise of 1877?

To uphold political and civil rights of blacks.

What happened after Hayes became president?

Federal troops were withdrawn from the South.

What followed the end of Reconstruction?

Erosion of black rights and return of white dominance.

What group did Southern Democrats aim to rid the South of?

Carpetbaggers, scalawags, and blacks.

Who were War Democrats?

Democrats loyal to Lincoln during the Civil War.

What did Johnson think of the Southern elite and racial equality?

He hated both.

Why did Radical Republicans distrust ex-Confederates?

Feared their return to power.

What was Johnson's stance on state rights vs. federal authority?

Favored state rights.

Which act required Senate approval to remove federal officials?

Tenure of Office Act.

What did the 14th Amendment make the federal government responsible for?

Enforcement of civil rights.

Which president's brother-in-law was involved in the Gold Panic?

Ulysses S. Grant.

How did the Republican Party suffer during Grant's presidency?

Due to scandals and economic issues.

How did the South view carpetbaggers?

As opportunists and exploiters.

What were the goals of Congressional Reconstruction?

Protect African American rights and restructure Southern governments.

Why did Congress override Johnson's veto of the Civil Rights Act?

To ensure protection of black rights.

What role did the Freedmen's Bureau play in education?

Established schools for freed slaves.

What was the primary motive behind sharecropping?

Provide labor without paying wages.

Why was the Command of Army Act passed?

To limit Johnson's control over the military.

Who benefited from the Compromise of 1877 politically?

Rutherford B. Hayes.

What happened to black political power after Reconstruction?

It rapidly declined.