Structural Kins: Kinesiology Fundamentals

superior

the head is ______ to the abdomen.

inferior

the abdomen is ______ to the head.

posterior

the spine is ______ to the sternum.

anterior

the sternum is _____ to the spine.

proximal

the elbow is ______ to the wrist.

distal

the wrist is ______ to the elbow.

medial

the big toe is ______ to the last toe.

lateral

the last toe is ______ to the big toe.

superfical

The pectoralis major muscle is ______ to the ribs.

deep

The ribs are ______ to the peactoralis major muscle.

extension of the fingers

please identify the movement and its location

flexion of the wrist

please identify the movement and its location

abduction of the hips

please identify the movement and its location

adduction of the shoulder

please identify the movement and its location

medial rotation of the hip

please identify the movement and its location

lateral rotation of the hip

please identify the movement and its location

internal rotation of the shoulder

please identify the movement and its location

external rotation of the shoulder

please identify the movement and its location

rotation of the spine

please identify the movement and its location

lateral flexion of the neck

please identify the movement and its location

elevation of the ribs

please identify the movement and its location

depression of the scapula

please identify the movement and its location

protraction of the mandible

please identify the movement and its location

retraction of the mandible

please identify the movement and its location

pronation of the forearm

please identify the movement and its location

supination of the forearm

please identify the movement and its location

inversion of the foot

please identify the movement and its location

eversion of the foot

please identify the movement and its location

dorsiflexion of the foot

please identify the movement and its location

plantarflexion of the foot

please identify the movement and its location

lateral deviation of the jaw

please identify the movement and its location

opposition of the thumb

please identify the movement and its location

sagittal, frontal, and transverse

What are the three planes of movement?

sagittal, frontal

flexion and extension happen in the ______ plane and ______ axis

transverse, vertical

rotation happens in the ______ plane and ______ axis

frontal, sagittal

adduction and abduction happen in the ______ plane and ______ axis

Frontal plane and sagittal axis

Which plane of movement and axis of rotation is this patient going through?

transverse plane and vertical axis

Which plane of movement and axis of rotation is this patient going through?

sagittal plane and frontal axis

Which plane of movement and axis of rotation is this patient going through?

a continuous network of connective tissues that forms beneath the skin to attach, stabilize, enclose, and separate muscles and other internal organs

What is fascia and what is it's purpose?

a sheetlike tendinous expansion, mainly serving to connect a muscle with the parts it moves

What is an aponeurosis and what is it's purpose?

any region on the body in which tendon groups from different muscles pass under one connective tissue band

What is an retinaculum and what is it's purpose

increased pressure inside a compartment, which compresses capillaries, nerves, and muscles. This causes decreased blood flow and nerve disruption, which can kill the tissue and nerves.

What is compartment syndrome?

surgical emergency or fasciotomy

What is the treatment for compartment syndrome?

protection, support, storage, movement, and hematopoiesis

What are the functions of the skeletal system

long bone

What kind of bone is this?

short bone

What kind of bone is this?

flat bone

What kind of bone is this?

irregular bone

What kind of bone is this?

sesamoid bone

What kind of bone is this?

epiphysis

What part of the long bone is this?

diaphysis

What part of the long bone is this?

metaphysis

What part of the long bone is this?

articular cartilage

What part of the long bone is this?

periosteum

What part of the long bone is this?

endosteum

What part of the long bone is this?

bones form between sheets of primitive connective tissue. Examples include flat skull bones, clavicles, and sternum

What is intramembranous ossification and what are some examples?

bones that form from hyaline cartilage models. Examples include long bones and most of the skeleton.

What is endochondral ossification and what are some examples?

osteoclasts, releasing, resorption

______ break down bone, ______ calcium. This is called ______

osteoblasts, storing, deposition

______ build bone, ______ calcium. This is called ______

calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, collagen, water

What are some properties of bone?

type of tissue

What are the structural classifications of joints defined by?

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

What are the three structural classifications of joints?

held together by dense connective tissue

What is a fibrous joint?

held together by cartilage

What is a cartilaginous joint?

have a complex structure, and are always diarthrotic

What is a synovial joint?

degree of movement

What are the functional classifications of joints defined by?

synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, diarthrotic

What are the three functional classifications of joints?

an immovable joint

What is a synarthrotic joint?

a slightly movable joint

What is a amphiarthrotic joint?

a freely movable joint

What is a diarthrotic joint?

syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis

What are the three types of fibrous joints?

suture and gomphosis

What fibrous joints are synarthrotic

syndesmosis

What fibrous joints is amphiarthrotic?

a fibrous joint that is bound by either a sheet of dense connective tissue or a bundle of dense connective tissue

What is a syndesmosis joint?

between the tibia and the fibula (distal end and diaphysis)

What is an example of a syndesmosis joint?

amphiarthrotic, fibrous

A syndesmosis joint is functionally a ______ joint and structurally a ______ joint.

syndesmosis joint

What joint is this?

synchondrosis and symphysis

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

bones united by hyaline cartilage

What is a synchondrosis joint?

amphiarthrotic, cartilaginous

A synchondrosis joint is functionally a ______ joint and structurally a ______ joint

bone separated by fibrocartilage

What is a symphysis joint?

amphiarthrotic, cartilaginous

A symphysis joint is functionally a ______ joint and structurally a ______ joint

epiphyseal plate and costochondral (the ribs)

What is are examples of a synchondrosis joint?

pubic symphysis and IVD

What are examples of a symphysis joint?

synchondrosis joint

What joint is this?

symphysis joint

What joint is this?

synovial

Most joints in the skeleton are ______.

diarthrotic

All synovial joints are functionally ______.

enarthrodial, condyloidal, arthrodial, ginglymus, trochoid, and sellar

What are the six synovial joints?

enarthrodial

the ball and socket joint is also known as the ______ joint.

condylar

the condyloidal joint is also known as the ______ joint.

arthrodial

the plane joint is also known as the ______ joint.

ginglymus

the hinge joint is also known as the ______ joint.

trochoid

the piviot joint is also known as the ______ joint.

sellar

the saddle joint is also known as the ______ joint.

ball and socket joint

What joint has the widest range of motion and is multiaxial?

hip and shoulder

What are some examples of a ball and socket joint?

condylar joint

What joint can go in a back and forth or side to side movement and is biaxial?

2nd-5th metacarpophalangeal joints (knuckles)

What is a example of a condylar joint?