GenChem2 (1st Periodical)

solution

It is a homogeneous mixture formed when one or more substances (solutes) are dissolved in another substance (solvent). It has a uniform composition all throughout

solute

It is the substance that dissolves in the solution

solvent

It is the substance in which solute dissolves.

soluble

the substance that dissolves in another substance

insoluble

the substance that does not dissolve in another substance

miscible

Liquid that dissolve in another liquid

immiscible

Liquid that does not dissolve in another liquid

aqueous solution

It is a solution in which the solvent is water.

qualitative solution

depends on the quantity of the solute

diluted solution

It has more solvent than solute

concentrated solution

It has more solute than solvent

unsaturated solution

It contains less amount of solute than the solvent can dissolve at the given temperature.

saturated solution

It contains the maximum amount of solute that the solvent can dissolve at the given temperature.

supersaturated solution

It contains more amount of solute that the solvent can dissolve at the given temperature.

molar fraction

is determined by the ratio of the number of moles of solute and the total number of moles of the solution.

molarity

is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is useful in doing stoichiometric calculations involving solutions.

molality

is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

parts per million

The number of parts of solute per one million parts of the solution.

This unit is usually used to describe the concentration of relatively small levels of solute in solution such as contaminants or pollutants

stirring/manner of stirring

affects how quickly a solute dissolves in a solvent.

nature of solute and solvent

Solubility of a solute in a solvent depends on the nature of both solute and solvent

amount of solvent

affect show much solute can be dissolved.

size of solute

Larger solute particles dissolve more slowly and maybe less soluble.

temperature of solvent

Increase in temperature raises the kinetic energy of solution, allowing the solvent particles to more effectively break apart the solute particles that are held together by intermolecular forces of attraction.

colligative properties

are characteristics of solutions that depend on the number of solute particles present, not on the identity of those particles

vapor pressuring lowering

Adding solute decreases the solvent's vapor pressure.

boiling point elevation

The solution, with nonvolatile solutes, boils at a higher temperature than the pure solvent

freezing point depression

is lower than that of the pure solvent. Adding non-volatile solute lowers the temperature at which the solution freezes.

osmosis

is a process through which a solvent flows through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one.

osmotic pressure

is the pressure needed to stop osmosis.

B

Which of the following describes solubility?

a. The ability of liquid to change color.

b. The ability of something to dissolve in a liquid

c. The time it takes for something to settle at the bottom of a liquid.

d. The speed of pouring a liquid out of a container.

A

A greater amount of sugar will dissolve in warm water than in cold water. What factor affects the sugar’s solubility?

a. Temperature of solvent

b. Amount of solute

c. Nature of solute

d. Manner of stirring

B

A gram of salt can be dissolved in 100 ml of water. What factors affect the solubility?

a. Amount of solute

b. Amount of solvent

c. Size of solute

d. Manner of stirring

A

When the solution is heated, more solute will dissolve in the solvent. What factor affects the solubility?

a. Temperature of solvent

b. Amount of solvent

c. Size of solute

d. Manner of stirring

e. Nature of Solute

E

Gasoline does not dissolve in water. What factor affects the solubility?

a. Temperature of solvent

b. Amount of solvent

c. Size of solute

d. Manner of stirring

e. Nature of Solute

B

When 2 tablespoons of sugar are added to 200 ml of water, more sugar particles are dissolved as compared to when the same amount of sugar is dissolved in 50 ml of water. What factor affects the solubility?

a. Temperature of solvent

b. Amount of solvent

c. Size of solute

d. Manner of stirring

e. Nature of Solute

D

Before using a suspension medicine, the label instructs you to shake it well before using it to dissolve the solute particles in the suspension. What factor affects the solubility?

a. Temperature of solvent

b. Amount of solvent

c. Size of solute

d. Manner of stirring

e. Nature of Solute

C

More fine salts dissolve in water as compared to table salt mixed in water. What factor affects the solubility?

a. Temperature of solvent

b. Amount of solvent

c. Size of solute

d. Manner of stirring

e. Nature of Solute

increases

Solubility is _______ as temperature increases.

C

It tells whether the solute is soft or hard, powder or a whole piece.

a. Manner of stirring

b. Temperature

c. Nature of solute

d. Nature of solvent