DNA Review Study Set

What is the complementary DNA strand to CCTAGCT? (Respond in the same format, ABCDEFG)

GGATCGA

Which nucleic base is not found in DNA

Uracil

What process is it called when a bacterium takes up foreign DNA?

Transformation

What is the function of mRNA?

mRNA carries the genetic code from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

What is the function of tRNA?

tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation, where they are added to the growing polypeptide chain.

What enzyme binds to the promoter region during transcription?

RNA polymerase

What are the three nitrogenous bases in a codon?

Three nitrogenous bases in a codon are: Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, or Uracil (in RNA).

What are the steps of transcription?

1. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

2. RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands.

3. RNA polymerase uses one strand of DNA to form a complementary RNA strand.

What is the RNA sequence transcribed from the DNA strand ACA TCG ATA CTG AA? (Respond in codon format, ABC DEF GHI JKL MN)

UGU AGC UAU GAC UU

What is the complementary DNA sequence to the mRNA strand UGU AGC UAU GAC UU? (Respond in codon format, ABC DEF GHI JKL MN)

ACA TCG ATA CTG AA

What are three key differences between DNA and RNA?

• DNA: Deoxyribose, RNA: Ribose

• DNA: Double-stranded, RNA: Single-stranded

• DNA: Thymine, RNA: Uracil

What is the RNA and DNA sequence for the amino acid chain: Methionine, Tryptophan, and Lysine? (Respond in codon format, ABC DEF GHI)

RNA: AUG UGG AAA
DNA: TAC ACC TTT

What is the correct flow of gene expression?
a) DNA → RNA polymerase → mRNA → Ribosome → Protein
b) DNA → Ribosome → mRNA → RNA polymerase → Protein
c) mRNA → RNA polymerase → DNA → Ribosome → Protein
d) Protein → RNA polymerase → DNA → Ribosome → mRNA

DNA → RNA polymerase → mRNA → Ribosome → Protein

What protein chain is made from the following mRNA strand: 5' - AUG UUU AAA UAA GGG UUU GUA - 3'? (Put dashes between the words)

Methionine-Phenylalanine-Lysine

What RNA strand is transcribed from the DNA coding strand AAGGGG? (Respond in the same format, ABCDEFGH)

UUCCCC

What is the RNA strand that comes from the DNA template strand GGG AAA CCC TTT? (Respond in codon format)

CCC UUU GGG AAA

What are the steps in translation?

• mRNA attaches to the ribosome.

• tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome.

• The ribosome joins the amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.

What is the structure of a nucleotide?

5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

What is the sequence of events in gene expression?

• Transcription: mRNA is synthesized from the DNA template.

• mRNA processing: Introns are removed and exons are joined together.

• Translation: The mRNA is translated into a protein at the ribosome.

What does the base pairing in DNA look like?

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T).
Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G).