Studied by 7 people
Culture
The ways of life of a particular group of people
Cultural traits
The building blocks of culture; Visible and invisible attributes that combine to make up a group’s culture.
Artifacts
Tangible objects created by a culture
Sociofacts
 The ways in which a culture behaves and organizes institutions.
Mentifacts
The ideas, beliefs, values, and knowledge of a culture
Cultural norms
Agreed upon cultural practices or standards that guide the behavior of a culture
Cultural taboos
Behaviors heavily discouraged by a culture
Example of cultural taboo
Eating pork in Islam + Judaism
Ethnocentrism
The belief that one’s own culture or ethnic group is superior to others; judging other groups through the lens of one’s own culture.
Cultural relativism
The principle that an individual human’s beliefs and actions should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture
Cultural hearth
An area where civilizations began that radiated its customs, innovations, and ideologies and transformed the world
Environmental Determinism
The belief that the physical environment, especially things like climate and terrain, actively shapes culture.
Possibilism
The belief that environmental conditions may impact culture in some ways, but people are the primary architects of culture.
Cultural Realms
A large segment of the Earth with uniformity in cultural characteristics.
Folk culture
Culture that is traditionally practiced primarily by small, homogenous groups living in isolated rural areas.
Popular culture
Culture found in large, heterogeneous societies that share certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.
Cultural hearth
An area where civilizations began that radiated its customs, innovations, and ideologies and transformed the world.
Origins of folk culture
Anonymous hearths
Origins of popular culture
Traceable hearts
Di
Diffusion of pop culture
fast
Distribution of folk culture
Hindered or stopped by physical or cultural factors
Distribution of pop culture
Widely spread and not hindered
Music of folk culture
songs anonymus, technically simple, passes on knowledge
Music of pop culture
Written by specific people for a specific purpose, technically sophisticated
Sports
Many sports originate as folk culture but later become part of popular culture (soccer!) Inclusion in Olympics is a good indication as to whether a sport is folk or popular culture. Surviving folk sports: cricket, wushu, baseball, etc.
Food in folk culture
Foods eaten because their natural properties are perceived to enhance qualities considered desirable by the society. Locally produced
Food in pop culture
Preferences influenced by cultural values, often importedFo
Folk culture in clothing
Unknown origins, response to other things
pop culture in clothing
originate from certain companies, reflects occupation
Gender roles in folk culture
gender specific
popular culture gender roles
diminishes gender specific gender roles
popular culture in housing
Materials produced in factories (steel, glass)
Built by a business and then sold to an individual
Variety of architectural styles
Similar between cities
housing in folk culture
Materials produced locally (stone, grass, wood)Â
Built by the community or the owner themselves
Similar style used throughout a community
Different styles between cultures
Linguists
People who study languages
Language Family
A collection of languages related through a common ancestry that existed that existed long before recorded histry
Language Branch
A Collection of Languages within a family, related through a common ancestral language that existed thousands of years ago
Roman Branch
French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, etc.
Germanic Branch
English, German, Dutch, Swedish, etc.
Indo-Iranian Branch
Hindi, Urdu, Farsi, Kurdish, etc.
Language Group
A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display many similarities in grammar and vocabulary
Proto-Indo-European Language
The single language that people believe decended from a single common language
Official Language
A language designated by a country as the one used by the government for laws, reports, and public objects
Dialect
A regional variation of a language
distinguished by unique vocabulary,
pronunciation, and spelling.
Recieved Pronounciation
The Standard form of British English pronunciation
Isogloss
Word usage boundaries determined by data collected directly from people
Pidgin languages
A simplified form of a language that allows speakers of two different languages to communicate
Creole/Creolized Language
A language that results from the mixing of a colonizers language with the indiginus of the people being dominated
Lingua Franca
A Language of international communication
Isolated Language
A Language unrelated to any other and therefore not attached to any language family
Endangered Language
A language in danger of being extinct
Extinct Language
A Language that is no longer spoken or used in daily activities by anyone in the world
Revived Language
A language that was once extinct but has come back into daily use
Accultiration
The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another, while still maintaining elements of their own culture.
Assimilation
The process of adapting one culture into another. This group has no distinguishment between them and the other cultural group.
Syncretism
When two traits from distinct cultures fuse together
Multiculturalism
When multiple cultures exist within two societies and all cultures are valued and seen as equals
Naitivism
Favoring those born in a country over immigrants. (Australia)
Centripetal force
A force that UNITES people (shared history, language, etc)
Centrifugal force
A force that divides people (racism, diversity, etc)
Ethnic cleansing
forced removal of a major ethnic group
Genocide
The deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular cultural or ethnic group, with the aim of destroying that group.
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Flashcard (29)