A&P 3 Exam 4 MSK 2

What are the different sections of the sternum?

manubrium- widest and most superior portion with the suprasternal notch and costal notches

sternum body- longest part of the sternum, costal cartilages from ribs 2-7 attach at costal notches

xiphoid process- the tip of the sternum, doesn't ossify until 40y/o

How many pairs of floating ribs are there that do not articulate with the sternum?

2 pairs, ribs 11 and 12

How many phalanges are there per pollex?

2

How many facial bones are there?

14

How many pairs of true ribs are there?

7 (ribs 1-7)

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

5

How many auditory ossicles are there?

3

How many cranial bones are there?

8

Which bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

bones of the upper and lower limbs, pectoral and pelvic girdle hold limbs in place

Which bones are in the axial skeleton?

Bones along the central axis- skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

What bones articulate with the clavicle?

sternal end articulates to the manubrium of the sternum

acromial end articulates with the acromion of the scapula

What bones articulate with the entire humerus?

humeral head articulate with the glenoid cavity of the scapula

capitulum articulates with the radius

trochlea articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna

What bones articulate with metatarsals IV and V?

Cuboid bone

Proximal phalanges IV and V

What bones articulate with all three cuneiform bones?

navicular bone

medial- 1st metatarsal; intermediate- 2nd metatarsal; lateral- 3rd metatarsal

What bones articulate with the talus?

tibia, navicular bone, calcaneus

What bones articulate with the femur?

femoral head articulates to the os coxae at the acetabulum

patellar surfaces articulates with the patella

medial and lateral condyles articulate with the tibial condyles

What bones articulate with the head of the humerus?

articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula

What are the bones in the proximal row of the carpals?

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

What mm make up the rotator cuff?

supraspinatus

infraspinatus

teres minor

subscapularis

What mm make up the hamstrings?

biceps femoris

semimembranosus

semitendinosus

What mm make up the quadriceps femoris?

rectus femoris

vastus lateralis

vastus medialis

vastus intermedius

What are the names of the different cervical vertebrae?

atlas (C1)

axis (C2)

vertebra prominens (C7)

What features are unique to the atlas?

lacks body and spinous process

lateral masses connected by anterior and posterior arches

slight protuberances, anterior and posterior tubercles

superior and inferior articular facets

articular facet for dens on anterior arch

What features are unique to the axis?

body of axis fused here

produces dens- pivot for atlas

What features are unique to the vertebra prominens?

transition from cervical to thoracic regions

spinous process longer than in other C-vertebrae

easily palpated between the shoulder blades

Which bone includes the olecranon, trochlear notch, tuberosity, shaft, and styloid process as characteristics?

ulna

What is the prominent ridge on the superior margin of the pelvis?

iliac crest

What does the biceps brachii do?

assists in flexing the arm

What does the trapezius do?

can elevate, depress, retract, or rotate the scapula

What do the external intercostals do?

elevate ribs during inspiration, expanding cavity

What do the crural mm do?

move the ankle, foot, and toes

What does the tibialis anterior do?

primary dorsiflexor of the foot

inverts the foot

What does the quadriceps femoris do?

agonist of knee extension

What does the gluteus medius do?

abduct and medially rotates the thigh

What does the gluteus maximus do?

agonist of thigh extension

laterally rotates the thigh

What does the gluteus minimus do?

abduct and medially rotate the thigh

What do the mm in the anterior compartment of the forearm do?

flex the wrist and some flex the IP joint

Where do the 3 bones of the os coxae fuse?

acetabulum

When you palpate the prominence on the medial surface of the ankle, what are you palpating?

medial malleolus

When you palpate the bony projections medially and laterally at the wrist, what are you palpating?

radial (lateral) and ulnar (medial) styloid processes

Which bones are considered sesamoid?

small bones at the head of the first metatarsal

patella

What is the difference between pronation and supination?

pronation- radius and ulna pivot along interosseous membrane, palm of hand faces posteriorly

supination- in anatomic positive, palm of hand facing anteriorly

What happens to the radius during pronation?

during pronation, the head of the radius remains on the lateral side of the elbow and the distal end of the radius has crossed over the ulna (these two bones are no longer parallel)

What are the attachment sites for the patellar ligament?

tibia tuberosity and patella

What are the attachment sites for the biceps brachii?

proximal- scapula

distal- radius

What are the attachment sites for the sternocleidomastoid?

sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process of temporal bone

What are the attachment sites for the latissimus dorsi?

lower 6 thoracic vertebra (T7-T12) at their spinous process

Ribs 8-12

intertubercular groove of the humerus

inferior angle of the scapula

What are the attachment sites for the pectoralis major?

Medial clavicle

Costal cartilages of ribs 2-6

Body of sternum

Lateral part of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

What is the proximal attachment site for the mm in the anterior compartment of the forearm?

medial epicondyle of the humerus

What structure do the majority of the thigh muscles attach proximally to?

linea aspera

What group of muscles forms a thick, fleshly mass at the base of the thumb?

thenar group

What is the longest muscle of the body?

sartorius

What is the fascia that extends between the phalanges of the toes and the calcaneus called?

aponeurosis of the plantar group

What is the purpose of rami, trochanters, tubercles, and tuberosities?

allow for mm attachment

What are the 3 anterior thoracic muscles?

pectoralis minor

serratus anterior

subclavius

What structure subdivides the pelvis into the "true pelvis" and the "false pelvis"?

pelvic brim

What bones make up the pectoral girdle?

clavicle and scapula

What is the only direct connection between the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton?

the sternoclavicular joint

What is the inner, gelatinous region of each intervertebral disc called?

nucleus pulposus

Which limb buds appear first during embryonic development?

upper limb buds at early 4th week (lower buds appear a few days later)

What different muscles are used for pitching a baseball and what are their functions?

subscapularis- wind up for the pitch

supraspinatus- helps in executing pitch delivery

infraspinatus and teres minor- slow the arm at the end of the pitch