Studied by 89 peopletypology system
goal is to determine how many types of people there are and identify each persons type
example of typology
horoscopes, zodiac signs
Galen's humor theory
relative concentration of four humors or bodily fluids are responsible for personality traits
what are the 4 humor theories and what does the each mean?
"sanguine"- blood "plegmatic"- phlegm- cold aloof, apathetic "choleric"- yellow bile- angry , cranky, tempermental "melancholic"-black bile- depression
what is"melancholic" ?
-black bile-
what is sanguine?
blood
what is "plegmatic"?
phlegm- cold aloof, apathetic
what is "choleric"?
yellow bile- angry , cranky, tempermentaldepression
another approach based on physique
endomorph-? mesomorphe? assertive- ? ectomorph-?
endomorph-jolly mesomorphe-muscular, more adventerous, assertive- jock ectomorph- fragile-thin-self conscious, private, introvert
trait approach
identifies a measure, personality traits
trait
categorizes people according to degree to which they manifest a particular characteristic
assumption
characteristics that are relatively stable over time & across situations looking more at a group, what they tend to do more focused in describing rather than mechanisms
Gordon Allport
first personality researcher, taught first personality course acknowledged limitations of trait concept -behavior influenced by variety of environmental factors -traits have physical components in nervous system -promoted the concept of self knowledge of who you ar
nomothetic approach
method of understanding personality that compares many people among same personality dimensions-same continuum -common traits- those that apply to everyone
idiographic approach
method of studying personality through in-depth analysis of one individual & the dimensions relevant to that person's personality
Allport trait theory
central traits- 5 to 10 traits that best describe a persons personality- most consistent
cardinal trait
single trait that dominates
secondary traits
traits other than central traits that describe a person's personality
have one identify own traits - you're a true expert of inner workings
how do children develop sense of self?
proprium- in theory, aspect of personality containing all features of the self
functional autonomy
motive may be independent of it's origins- still talk about ex- motives to eat- not just b/c you're hungry- bored, made your fav dessert
Henry Murray
blended psychoanalytic & trait concepts focused on psychogenic needs-defined by-stabled predisposition for action --readiness to respond in a certain way under certain given conditions personology approach-27 psychogenic needs
T or F people can be defined in terms of personal hierarchy of needs
True
Press situation
that influences activation of a need-compulsive
how many common needs are identified?
27
abasement
to comply, accept, punishment-masochistic
achievement
to overcome obstacles, exercise power, strive to do something different as well as quick as possible
sex
self explanatory...
succorance
seek aid, protection, or sympathy***
story on succorance
struggling on writing vows, what to do about it, framed passage- "promise to aid and sucker you"- found out it means to comfort protect, be by your side
Raymond Catell
focused on discovering how many basic traits there are- 19 -used factor analysis-statistical procedure used to determine # of dimensions in data set
explanatory factor analysis
is theoretical, just start with a large pool of items
confirmatory factor analysis
are more theory driven and seek to confirm a hypothesized factor structure *stew story- used factor analysis to determine basic elements- exist on personality
source traits
are the basic traits that make up personality -Catell used # of sources for his
L-data
life record data- report cards, GPA
T or OT data
how people behave in life-like situations
Q- Data
form questionairres idenitifed 16 source traits- items correlate together-not sure what they're actually measuring
3 categories of traits
ability, tempormant, dynamic
ability traits
allow to perform effectively
tempermant traits
involved in emotional life
dynamic traits
involved in motivational life
Big 5 Personality Traits
openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
neuroticism
places people according to their emotional stability & personal adjustment -people with high scores are more vulnerable to anxiety & depression- worry alot -people with low scores tend to be calm & well adjusted * react to things like it is the worst
extraversion
places extreme extraverts at one end & extreme introverts at another -extraverts are very sociable people -intorverts are reversed & independent people- even paced
intorverts are...
-more sensitive to pain -become fatigued more easily -excitement interferes with performance -more careful & slow -do better in school -withdraw from college for psychiatric reasons (extraverts withdraw for academic reasons
extroverts are...
-excitement enhances performance -prefer vocations where interact with others & seek diversion -enjoy sexual & aggressive humor -more sexually active -more suggestible
Openness
involves active imagination, divergent thinking, & intellectual curiosity -people on high end are unconventional & independent thinkers -individuals on low end prefer familiar rather than imaginativecuriosity
agreeableness
-people with high scores tend to be helpful, trusting & sympathetic -individuals with low scores tend to be antagonistic and skeptical-uncooperative- fight to be right
Consciountiousness
people on high end- organized, plan oriented, determined -individuals on low end- easily distracted, undependable, dont show up- get in more car accidents
questions on big 5
what the 5 factors mean disagreement on structure
Which of the following personality traits involves active imagination, divergent thinking, & intellectual curiosity?
a. Openness b. Neuroticism c. Agreeableness d. Consciountiousness
A
What identifies a measure, personality traits
a. Assumption b. Nomothetic approach c. Trait approach d. None of these
C
What is an example of typology?
a. Ability and temperament B. Horoscopes and zodiac signs C. Increased anger issues D. Cold and aloof people
B
How many common needs are identified? A. 27 B. 12 C. 3 D. 19
A
Source traits are…
A. Have one identify own traits-you're a true expert of inner workings B. Used factor analysis-statistical procedure used to determine # of dimensions in data set C. are more theory driven and seek to confirm a hypothesized factor structure D. are the basic traits that make up personality
D
How people behave in life-like situations is what type of data?
A. L data B. T or OT data C. Q data D. None of the above
B
Allport trait theory states that…
A. 5-10 traits (central traits) best describe a persons personality and is the most consistent B. A method of studying personality through in-depth analysis of one individual & the dimensions relevant to that person's personality C. Traits other than central traits that describe a person's personality D. Motive may be independent of it's origins
A
Confirmatory factor analysis states…
A. In theory, the aspect of personality contains all features of the self B. Relative concentration of four humors or bodily fluids are responsible for personality traits C. How people behave in life-like situations D. Are more theory driven and seek to confirm a hypothesized factor structure workings
D
Which of the following is not one of the four humor theories?
A. Sanguine B Choleric C Melancholic Succorance
D
Temperament traits…
A. Are involved in emotional life B. Are a single trait that dominates other traits C. Allow to preform effectively D. Traits other than central traits that describe a person's personality
A
Typology system…
A. Is a relative concentration of four humors or bodily fluids are responsible for personality traits
B. A behavior influenced by variety of environmental factors C. Is a method of understanding personality that compares many people among same personality dimensions-same continuum D. A goal is to determine how many types of people there are and identify each person's type
D
What theory is a relative concentration of four humors or bodily fluids are responsible for personality traits
A. Succorance theory B. Galens humor theory C. Cardinal trait theory D. None of the above
B
Which of the following is incorrect?
A. Endomorph- jolly B. Mesomorphe- muscular, more adventurous C. Assertive- jock D. Ectomorph- muscular, timid
D
Trait is defined as
A. Characteristics that are relatively stable over time & across situations
B. Categorizes people according to degree to which they manifest a particular characteristic
C. Method of understanding personality that compares many people among same personality dimensions-same continuum D. None of the above
B
Who believed that behavior is influenced by variety of environmental factors and traits have physical components in nervous system?
A. Gordon allport B. Henry Murray C. Raymond catell D. Dr V-S
A
What approach states that a method of understanding personality that compares many people among same personality dimensions-same continuum
A. Nomothetic approach B. Allport approach C. Abasement approach D. Ideographic approach
A
Secondary traits are…
A. More likely to be observed by researchers B. A single trait that dominates C. Traits other than central traits that describe a person's personality D. None of the above
C
How do children develop a sense of self?
A. Asking mom and dad B. By press situations C. A and b D. By proprium
D
True or false? People can be defines in terms of personality hierarchy of needs.
A.True B. False
A
Which of the 5 personality traits does people on high end- organized, plan oriented, determined; individuals on low end- easily distracted, undependable, dont show up relate to?
A. Neuroticism B. Extraversion C. Openness D. Consciountiousness
D
Dynamic traits are
A. Involved in emotional life B. Involved in motivational life C. Allow to perform effectively D. Basic traits that make up personality
B
True or false? Introverts are more sensitive to pain, become fatigued more easily, and do better in school.
A. True B. False
A
Dr. V-S told a story about the struggle of writing vows. What topic does this relate too?
A. Sex B. Abasement C. Succorance D. Achivement
C
What trait is a single trait that dominates?
A. Cardinal B. Secondary C. Both a and b D. Neither a or b
A
Abasement means
A. To comply, accept, punishment-masochistic B. To overcome obstacles, exercise power, strive to do something different as well as quick as possible C. To seek aid, protection, or sympathy D. To go out of your way to impress someone
A
Who used factor analysis-statistical procedure used to determine # of dimensions in the data set?
A. Erikson B. Freud C. Cartell D. Murray
C
True or false? L data is forming questioners.
A. True B. False
B
Which of the following describes neuroticism?
A. places extreme extraverts at one end & extreme introverts at another
B.involves active imagination, divergent thinking, & intellectual curiosity C. places people according to their emotional stability & personal adjustment D. None of the above
C
Who blended psychoanalytic & trait concepts
A. Cartell B. Jung C. Adler D. murray
D
What type of data forms questionnaires?
A. T or OT data B. L data C. D data D. Q data
D
Ability traits…
A. How people perform in life-like situations B. Allow to perform effectively C. Places people according to their emotional well being D. Both a and b
B
Which of the 5 personality traits places extreme extraverts at one end & extreme introverts at another?
A. Extraversion B. Openness C. Agreeableness D. Conscientiousness
A
True or false? Extraverts are more sexually active and more suggestible.
A. True B. false
A
True or false? Agreeableness is described as people on high end- organized, plan oriented, determined while individuals on low end- easily distracted, undependable, don't show up.
A. True B. False
B
What analysis is theoretical and just starts with a large pool of items?
A. Confirmatory factor analysis B. Achievement analysis C. Exploratory factor analysis D. None of the above
C
Note
Flashcard