4. parental behaviors

konrad larenz

• imprinting: process of a _____ _____ or _____ animal attaching itself to some _____ _____ which appears during the critical stage of _____

1. newly hatched

2. born

3. large object

4. development

imprinting: a process by which _____ _____ are made early in life that will influence _____ later in life

• filial: attachments form between _____ & _____

• sexual: attachment forms by which an individual learns to direct _____ _____ at members of its _____ _____

1. social attachments

2. behavior

3. parents & offspring

4. sexual behavior

5. own species

alternate definition - imprinting: a rapid _____ _____ by which a _____ or a very _____ animal establishes a _____ _____ of _____ & _____ towards other animals of its _____ _____ as well as individuals of its _____ _____ like parents or parental figures

1. learning process

2. newborn

3. young

4. behavior pattern

5. recognition & attraction

6. own kind

7. own species

characteristics of newborns

• critical _____ _____

• _____

• individual’s _____ for a certain _____

• some _____ more affected than others by imprinting

• _____ stimuli reinforces imprinting

1. sensitive period

2. irreversible

3. preference

4. species

5. behaviors

6. stressful

critical sensitive period

• occurs in _____ _____ life

• ducks & geese: _____-_____ _____ after hatching

1. early postnatal

2. 24-48 hours

robotic imprinting: a _____ _____ to a group of 8-12 hour old chicks; most began to _____ it around arena

1. cylindrical robot

2. follow

rearing technique: to avoid _____ _____ on humans; people dress in _____ & feed check with a _____ _____ _____

1. chick imprinting

2. white

3. whooping crane puppet

the male mallard duckling will identify his future mate by relating it to the appearance of _____ _____ or _____ _____

1. his mother

2. attachment figure

falcons sometimes become sexually imprinted on _____; in order to breed them, breeder allows male to _____ with his _____ whole wearing a _____ _____ with pockets to _____ _____

1. humans

2. copulate

3. head

4. special hat

5. catch semen

if there is an increased level of _____ at the time of the original imprinting, the learning is _____ _____ than normal

1. stress

2. more robust

how does imprinting help parents?

1. aids in keeping track of precocial young

2. prompts parents to feed & nurture young

imprinting aids:

• _____

• _____

• _____ _____

• _____ _____

1. scent

2. vocalization

3. visual cues

4. physical contact

survival strategies:

• _____ _____

  • young’s are almost the same size as the parent; characteristic of _____ _____

• _____

• ability to _____

• _____ _____ associated with young

• importance of _____ _____

1. long legs

2. flight animals

3. camouflage

4. freeze

5. behavioral signs

6. tactile support

potoo

• highly _____; generally do not fly during the _____

• spend the day _____ on _____ with eyes _____ _____

• _____ _____; when they detect danger, they can _____ & resemble a broken _____

1. nocturnal

2. day

3. perching

4. branches

5. half closed

6. cryptic plumage

7. freeze

8. branch

jaguar coat colors

• black - _____ varient

  • good camouflage in _____ _____

• tawny - _____ _____

1. rare

2. dense rainforest

3. most common

when zebu cows are _____, the young must be present to stimulate _____ _____-_____

• _____ _____ for other breeds like jersey or holstein

1. milked

2. milk let-down

3. not true

baby rhesus monkeys raised _____ _____ preferred a _____ surrogate even if _____ were provided by a different surrogate; when _____ or _____, babies always went to the surrogate that provided _____ _____

1. without mothers

2. soft

3. food

4. frightened

5. challenged

6. tactile comfort

monkeys that were raised _____ _____ were very fearful of an _____ & were unable to _____ with or _____ conspecifics

1. without mothers

2. intruder

3. play

4. dominate

south american titi monkey

• _____ contributes greatly to care of young

• _____-_____: characteristic of family members, often between parents & offspring

1. father

2. tail-twinning

_____ is also essential for well-being of offspring

grooming

_____ the children is of utmost important

feeding

the handling of _____ _____ by humans has subsequent _____ effects on the rats’ _____ system & _____ functioning as adults; this could be due to the intense _____ & _____ they receive from mothers when _____

1. rat pups

2. positive

3. endocrine

4. cognitive

5. licking & grooming

6. returned

chicks that were _____ grew faster & more efficiently

handled

warthog _____ is a type of social organization & a direct result of _____

1. running

2. imprinting