Fegley Unit 1 and 2 Test

What is government?  What powers do they have?

• Make and enforce public policy

• Legislative, executive, and judicial powers

What are the characteristics of the state?

Population, territory, government, and sovereignty

• You will see a MC question that provides a example and determine if its a state or not (IT MUST HAVE ALL FOUR OF THE ABOVE)

• ex) the Vatican is a state, confederates of America are not a state because they didn’t have sovereignty

What are the theories describing the origins of the state?

Divine Right Theory, Evolutionary, Force, and Social Contract

Who can participate in government?

Participation can vary based on the type of government (e.g., democracy allows broad participation)

How is power distributed between the executive and legislative branches?

The chief executive (president) is chosen independently of the legislature, holds office for a fixed term, and has broad powers not subject to the direct control of the legislative branch. The two branches have powers that allow them to block actions by the other branch.

What are the foundations of democracy?

Popular Sovereignty: Government derives its power from the consent of the governed.

Rule of Law: Everyone, including government officials, is subject to the law.

Individual Rights: Protection of fundamental rights and freedoms.

Political Equality: Equal participation in the political process

What are the connections between democracy and free enterprise?

Both systems value individual freedom and choice. Democracy promotes free speech and debate, allowing for a marketplace of ideas, while free enterprise allows for economic choices and competition, which can drive innovation and growth.

Ratification

Whiskey Rebellion

sent out a whole army for the rebellion yet it evaporated; it was a show of strength that worked

Articles of Confederation

 Weak government, unicameral, few powers, just needed to win the war.

Government couldn’t do anything abt Shay’s Rebellion because the Articles of Confederation made it too weak.

Magna Carta

 king is not above the law, signed by prince john in 1215; limited govt, nobles control the purse. No democracy 

True Cause of the Revolution

No taxation without representation

Virginia Plan

New Jersey Plan

Three-Fifths Compromise

Each slave was considered ⅗ of a person for population since slave owners wanted each to count as 1 person 

Connecticut Compromise

They agreed to have a House of Representatives where each state has different amounts of representation, and the Senate would have equal representation from each state

Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise

Unicameral

An adjective describing a legislative body with one chamber

Federalist

Those persons who supported the ratification of the Constitution in 1787–1788; wanted a strong centr

Anti-Federalist

Those persons who opposed the ratification of the Constitution in 1787–1788; scared of tyranny, feared a weak government

Popular Sovereignty

A government that exists only with the consent of the governed

Limited Government

basic Principle Of American Government, Which States That Government  Is Restricted In What It May Do, And Each Individual Has rights That Government Cannot Take Away; See Constitutionalism, Popular sovereignty

What type of government was created by the Articles of Confederation? Be sure to describe Congress?

What were the Federalist Papers?

Be able to list in order and explain the documents created by Parliament to limit the power of the Crown?

Magna Carta (1215) - Magna Carta was introduced by King John. It said that nobody was above the law, not even the king. Limited the government on the King.

Petition of Right (1628) - Parliament proposed to King Charles I. Levy taxes without Parliament’s consent. Imprison people without just cause. Quarter troops in private homes during peacetime without the owner’s consent. Impose martial law in times of peace. Its importance was that it took away from Absolute Monarchy by giving Parliament more power.

English Bill of Rights (1689) - the Bill of Rights was meant to limit the powers of the monarchy and affirm the supremacy of Parliament. The Bill firmly established the principles of frequent parliaments, free elections and freedom of speech within Parliament – known today as Parliamentary Privilege.

What agreement did the delegates at the Philadelphia Convention make?

To write a new constitution; compromises. ex) virginia wanted congress and how many reps decided by how big in population they were. New Jersey wanted equal rep. They basically said that they'll have both by a senate and house of reps

Who was the first president of the United States?

George Washington

Who was the first Vice President of the United States?

John Adams

Which characteristics of the Constitution angered the Anti-Federalists?

How many states had to ratify the Constitution for it to go into effect?

The Constitution had to be ratified by 9/13 states for it to go into effect. The Federalist papers were used to convince the New York delegation to ratify the Constitution.

What were the issues of the major compromises at the Constitutional Convention?

They agreed to have a House of Representatives where each state has different amounts of representation, and the Senate would have equal representation from each state

Three-fifths compromise where the slaves are counted as ⅗ of a person to the population