EDUC 224 - Practice Test 1 (everything)

stem

Which of the following plant structures always travel up and out of the soil from a germinating seed?

a. pollen

b. stem

c. root

d. flower

troposphere

Which of the following layers of Earth’s atmosphere contains the majority of the atmosphere’s water vapor?

a. mesosphere

b. stratosphere

c. troposphere

d. ionosphere

oak tree

Which of the following is a vascular plant?

a. peat moss

b. oak tree

c. field hornworts

d. umbrella liverworks

Niels Bohr

Which of the following scientists is particularly noted for his or her contribution to atomic theory?

a. Louis Pasteur

b. Niels Bohr

c. Dmitri Mendeleev

d. Marie Curie

core

Which of the following layer of the sun is responsible for producing all of the sun’s energy through nuclear reactions?

a. core

b. radiactive zone

c. convective zone

d. photosphere

when its speed is the greatest

The weight on the end of a pendulum is lifted and released. At which of the following points in its motion does it reach its equilibrium position?

a. when its speed is the greatest

b. when its speed is zero

c. only before it is released

d. when it is halfway between the top and bottom of its path

gravitational potential energy

Which of the following is the principal type of energy stored behind a hydroelectric dam?

a. gravitational potential energy

b. heat

c. chemical potential energy

d. mechanical

they have the ability to differentiate

Which of the following explains why stem cells turn into multiple cells in the body?

a. they have the ability to differentiate

b. they come from the brain

c. they are older than other cells

d. they do not have any DNA

an earthquake

As the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate bump past one another, energy is built and stored as potential energy. When that energy is released, what event is most likely to occur?

a. an earthquake

b. mountain formation

c. trench formation

d. volcanic eruption

has a fixed volume AND has a non-fixed shape

Which of the following characteristics always describes a liquid? Select all that apply.

a. always clear

b. has a fixed volume

c. has a non-fixed shape

d. can be compressed

the earth’s rotation on its axis

Which of the following best accounts for day and night on Earth?

a. the moon’s orbit around the earth

b. the earth’s orbit around the sun

c. the earth’s rotation on its axis

d. the shadow of the moon on the earth

you feel tired and decide to go to bed

Which of the following is the best example of a response to an internal stimuli?

a. you walk by a delicious bakery, and the smell makes your mouth water

b. you hear a loud noise and jump

c. you feel tired and decide to go to bed

d. you squint to try to see better in the bright sunlight

natural selection favors this color

Many rodents living in the Sahara Desert have sand-colored hair. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

a. the sun’s rays darkened their hair color

b. the sand caused a mutation to occur

c. sand-colored hair is easier for predators to see

d. natural selection favors this color

oxygen

Which gas is taken in by cells during cellular respiration?

a. hydrogen

b. oxygen

c. carbon dioxide

d. nitrogen

desert

Which of the following biomes generally features the lowest biodiversity?

a. boreal forest

b. tropical rainforest

c. desert

d. temperate grasslands

they are radioactive and can produce radiation poisoning

Nuclear power plants use fission reactions to generate electricity. The by-products of these reactions include long-lived isotopes that must be contained in a way that does not damage the environment. Which of the following is the primary danger associated with these by-products?

a. they produce atmospheric pollutants such as CO and O3

b. they release methane gas and increase the global greenhouse effect

c. they are radioactive and can produce radiation poisoning

d. they release radon gas, a major cause of lung cancer

negative ion

When a neutral atom gains one or more electrons, what type of ion is formed?

a. cation

b. positive ion

c. negative ion

d. neutral ion

summer

Australia experiences which of the following seasons when the southern end of Earth’s axis is tilted toward the sun?

a. spring

b. fall

c. winter

d. summer

use forceps to pick up the large pieces, a wet paper towel to pick up the small pieces, and place all of the pieces in a glass disposal container

An elementary student drops a beaker in the lab. Which of the following describes the best safety procedure for the teacher to follow when cleaning up the broken glass?

a. wear latex gloves to pick up the pieces

b. use forceps to pick up the large pieces, a wet paper towel to pick up the small pieces, and place all of the pieces in a glass disposal container

c. sweep up the shards and empty them into the trash

d. ask the students to help by picking up shards and placing them in a glass disposal container

by filling a niche that is not occupied by native species

In which of the following ways can introducing a non-native species to an ecosystem increase biodiversity?

a. by decreasing the variety of available food sources

b. by filling a niche that is not occupied by native species

c. by introducing new diseases to local wildlife

d. by outcompeting and displacing native species

it allows organisms to carry out photosynthesis, absorbing carbon and emitting oxygen

Which of the following describes why carbon dioxide in the ocean is beneficial to our planet?

a. as it settles to the bottom, the carbon forms gas and oil deposits, replenishing a needed fossil fuel

b. it allows organisms to carry out photosynthesis, absorbing carbon and emitting oxygen

c. animals in the ocean require carbon to build shells, bones, and other hard structures

d. saltwater ions attract carbon atoms from CO2 and release oxygen into the atmosphere

ionic bond

When sodium, metal, and chlorine gas mix under the right conditions, salt forms. Sodium tends to lose an electron and becomes a cation, while chlorine gains an electron and becomes an anion. What type of bond forms between sodium and chlorine?

a. polar covalent bonds

b. nonpolar covalent bonds

c. ionic bond

d. metallic bond

sperm

What is the name of the male reproductive cell?

a. testis

b. ovary

c. sperm

d. egg

a giant cloud of gas and dust that is found in deep space

Which of the following describes a nebula?

a. a body of dust and ice which orbits the sun and has a tail that points away from the sun

b. a region in the solar system between mars and jupiter with many asteroids

c. a massive object from which nothing, not even light, can escape

d. a giant cloud of gas and dust that is found in deep space

organism—population—community—ecosystem

Which of the following is a correct order of ecological organization, from smallest to largest?

a. biosphere—population—organism—community

b. organism—population—community—ecosystem

c. biome—ecosystem—population—community

d. organism—community—population—biome—biosphere

evaporation of sweat

Which of the following is a type of endothermic process?

a. fan motor causing the blades to spin

b. solar panels absorbing the sun’s rays

c. evaporation of sweat

d. wind turbine generating electrical energy

dry sandy soil

Which of the following types of soil allows the most infiltration?

a. dry sandy soil

b. dry clay soil

c. wet sandy soil

d. wet clay soil

chloroplasts

Which part of a plant cell contains chlorophyll, giving plants their green color and helping perform photosynthesis?

a. cytoplasm

b. vacuole

c. chloroplasts

d. cell membrane

lithosphere

Which of the following Earth layer contains the rigid tectonic plates of the Earth?

a. lithosphere

b. asthenosphere

b. moho

d. lower mantle

digestive

Which of the following systems in the human body breaks down food into a simpler form of energy?

a. excretory

b. endocrine

c. digestive

d. circulatory

sharks are vertebrates

Which of the following is a true statement?

a. sharks are vertebrates

b. echinoderms are vertebrates

c. birds are cold-blooded

d. spiders are insects

approaching: higher — driving away: lower

A young man approaches, then drives past and away from a factory which is loudly blowing its noon whistle. Which of the following describes the frequency of the sound heard by the young man as compared with what the stationary factory workers starting their lunch break hear?

a. approaching: the same — driving away: the same

b. approaching: higher — driving away: higher

c. approaching: higher — driving away: lower

d. approaching: lower — driving away: higher

water

What is the primary environmental factor that triggers germination in most seeds?

a. water

by. temperature

c. sunlight

d. wind

the potential increase in pest populations that can develop resistance to the modified traits

What is the potential ecological concern related to the widespread adoption of pest-resistant genetically modified crops?

a. the eventual extinction of all pests in the ecosystem

b. the inability of farmers to use traditional farming techniques

c. the reduction in the nutritional value of all other crops

d. the potential increase in pest populations that can develop resistance to the modified traits

geysers

Which of the following can be attributed to active geothermal activity?

a. waterfalls

b. glaciers

c. rivers

d. geysers

the region once had a much warmer and wetter climate

Geologists discover layers of sedimentary rock containing fossilized tropical plants in a region currently characterized by a cold, arid climate. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the geologists’ observations?

a. the plants adapted to survive in the current climate

b. the fossils were transported to the region by glacial movements

c. the region once had a much warmer and wetter climate

d. the region has always been cold and arid

natural selection favors individuals with the new trait increasing their survival and reproduction rates

Which of the following explains how a new trait can become common in a population?

a. the new trait appears in all members of the population simultaneously through random mutation

b. environmental changes directly cause every individual to develop a new trait

c. individuals choose to develop the new trait because they know it will be beneficial

d. natural selection favors individuals with the new trait, increasing their survival and reproduction rates

condensation

During a unit on the water cycle, a teacher demonstrates how water droplets can form on the outside of a cold glass when the air is warm and humid. Which part of the water cycle is the teacher most likely teaching with this demonstration?

a. precipitation

b. transpiration

c. condensation

d. runoff

a gas cools to its boiling point temperature

Condensation occurs when:

a. a solid is heated to its melting point temperature

b. a liquid is heated to its boiling point temperature

c. a liquid is cooled to its melting point temperature

d. a gas cools to its boiling point temperature

genus

The scientific name for the common housefly is Musca Domestica. Which of the following taxonomies does Musca represent in the scientific name?

a. order

b. genus

c. species

d. kingdom

in the same column

In the periodic table, atoms with the same number of valence electrons are grouped:

a. in the same column

b. in the top half of the chart

c. in the same row

d. in the bottom half of the chart

98L

On a cold morning with a temperature of 2 degrees C, a tank is filled with 95 liters of liquid gasoline. Later in the afternoon, the temperature rises to 30 degrees C. Assuming non of the gasoline vaporizes, which of the following values is closest to the new volume of gasoline in the tank?

a. 98L

b. 1330L

c. 260L

d. 94L