EDEL 325 Final Study Guide for Music Education

Classroom Music

Planned musical experiences for children's development.

Kodály's PPP

Preparation, Presentation, Practice for music concepts.

Preparation Stage

Experience concepts through listening and movement.

Presentation Stage

Label sounds with solfege and notation.

Practice Stage

Assess understanding through reading and writing.

Elements of Music

Fundamental components like melody and rhythm.

Melody

Sequence of pitches, highness or lowness.

Rhythm

Patterns of sound and silence in music.

Harmony/Texture

Combining pitches for thick or thin sound.

Timbre/Tone Colour

Unique sound quality of instruments or voices.

Form

Structure of music like call and response.

Expressive Qualities

Dynamics, tempo, and articulation in music.

Skills in Music Education

Listening, moving, playing, singing, reading, creating.

Jerome Bruner's Spiral Curriculum

Revisits concepts at increasing complexity levels.

Enactive Learning

Manipulating materials directly through actions.

Iconic Learning

Using illustrations for mental images without manipulation.

Symbolic Learning

Manipulating symbols without images or objects.

Benefits of Musical Education

Enhances cognitive skills and cultural understanding.

Cognitive Development

Improves language, reasoning, and spatial intelligence.

Creative Problem-Solving

Encourages innovative thinking through music.

Sound Before Symbol

Introduce concepts aurally before using notation.

Major Figures in Music Education

Influential educators like Kodály and Orff.

Rhythm

Pattern of sounds and silences in music.

Visual Representation

Icons transition to symbolic notation in music.

Beat

Basic unit of time in music.

Meter

Grouping of beats into measures.

Simple Rhythms

Basic rhythmic patterns like ta and ti-ti.

Melody

Sequence of musical notes in a tune.

Pitch

Highness or lowness of a sound.

Solfege

Syllables used for teaching pitch: Do, Re, Mi.

Hand Signs

Visual aids for demonstrating pitch relationships.

Dynamics

Variations in loudness and softness in music.

Piano

Italian term for soft dynamics.

Forte

Italian term for loud dynamics.

Crescendo

Gradual increase in loudness.

Decrescendo

Gradual decrease in loudness.

Tempo

Speed at which music is played.

Rote Teaching

Learning music by ear without notation.

Grade-Level Considerations

Adjusting music complexity for student age.

Dalcroze Approach

Combines movement with musical understanding.

Timbre

Quality of sound that distinguishes instruments.

Instrument Families

Classification of instruments by sound production.

Pentatonic Scale

Scale using five specific notes: do, re, mi, so, la.

Form in Music

Structure of a musical composition.

Time Signatures

Notation indicating beats per measure in music.

Note Values

Duration of musical notes and rests.

Music Literacy

Understanding written notes and finger positions.

Aural Skills

Ability to recognize and reproduce pitches.

Tonal Memory

Recall and reproduce musical pitches accurately.

Accessibility of Recorder

Affordable and easy instrument for beginners.

Creativity in Music

Encourages improvisation and experimentation with melodies.

Historical Relevance

Associated with Renaissance and Baroque music styles.

Breath Control

Using steady breaths to produce clear sounds.

Finger Dexterity

Skill in moving fingers for note transitions.

Engagement in Music

Fun activities foster a love for music.

Proper Handing

Correctly holding the recorder for sound production.

Basic Notes

Initial notes like B, A, G for beginners.

Squeaky Sounds

Result from improper blowing or finger placement.

Improper Finger Placement

Inadequate coverage of holes causing sound issues.

Breath Control Issues

Inconsistent airflow leading to uneven tones.

Holding the Recorder

Correct positioning with left hand on top.

Coordination Challenges

Difficulty switching between notes smoothly.

Breath Control Exercises

Practicing soft blowing to improve tone quality.

Simple Melodies

Using familiar tunes for initial practice.

Echo Patterns

Repeating patterns to enhance aural skills.

Basic Scales

Pentatonic scales for simplicity in practice.

Rhythmic Exercises

Integrating basic rhythms like quarter and eighth notes.

Group Play

Ensemble exercises for timing and collaboration.

Improvisational Activities

Encouraging creativity through spontaneous music creation.

Pentatonic Scale

A five-note scale used in music.

Constructing Pentatonic Scale

Select a root note and apply the formula.

Formula for Pentatonic Scale

Do, Re, Mi, So, La notes sequence.

C Major Pentatonic Scale

Notes: C, D, E, G, A.

Omitting Fa and Ti

Remove 4th and 7th notes for simplicity.

Ascending Scale

Play from root note to fifth note.

Descending Scale

Reverse sequence to return to root.

BAG Pentatonic

Notes: B, A, G, plus D and E.

Example Song for BAG

"Hot Cross Buns" uses pentatonic notes.

Simplicity of Pentatonic Scales

Fewer notes aid beginners in learning.

Harmonious Nature

No dissonant intervals promote pleasant sound.

Universal Presence

Found in many musical cultures worldwide.

Form in Music

Structure organized into phrases and sections.

Phrase Definition

Smaller musical idea labeled with lowercase letters.

Section Definition

Group of phrases labeled with capital letters.

Binary Form

Two contrasting sections labeled AB.

Ternary Form

Three sections: ABA structure.

Rondo Form

Alternating theme with contrasting sections (ABACA).

Identifying Form Steps

Listen, analyze phrases, group sections, label.

Twinkle Twinkle Analysis

Form: ABA with repeated phrases.

Teaching Form Techniques

Use diagrams and movement for engagement.

Dynamics in Music

Indicate volume levels for performance.

Degrees of Dynamics

Range from pianissimo (pp) to fortissimo (ff).

Fortissimo (ff)

Indicates music should be played very loud.

Decrescendo

Gradually decrease volume in music.

Crescendo

Gradually increase volume in music.

Tempo

Pace of music, measured in BPM.

BPM

Beats per minute, measuring tempo speed.

Movement Activities

Engaging students through physical expression of music.

Dynamic Changes

Variations in volume enhancing musical expressiveness.

So-Mi (SM)

Simple interval, recognizable by young children.