UNIT 1: let me break down what u are (part 1)

Anatomy

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another.

Gross Anatomy

The study of large body structures.

Physiology

The study of how the body and its parts work or function.

Integumentary System

• system parts:

  • skin

• system funcs:

  • synthesis of vitamin d

  • temp regulation

  • germ barrier

  • packaging

Skeletal System

• system parts:

  • bones

  • ligaments

  • appendages/ appendicular bones:

  • axial bones:

  • marrow (without it bone would shatter)

    • yellow: adipose tissue (fat tissue)

    • red: creates blood cells (hematopoiesis)

• system funcs:

  • storing minerals (calcium, phosphorus for strength)

  • creating blood

  • providing framework for body

  • protecting certain organs

Muscular System

• system parts:

  • muscles

    • latimus:

    • skeletal muscle

    • smooth muscle

    • cardiac muscle

• system funcs:

  • to contract/shorten to create movement

Nervous System

• system parts:

  • nerves

    • cranial nerves

  • brain

  • spinal chord

  • neurons

    • motor (movement)

    • sensory (detection)

      • ex: texture

    • interneurons (decision making)

• system funcs:

  • sending electrochemical signals

  • detection (input thru sensory neurons)

    • ex: feeling pain

  • reaction

Endocrine System

• system parts:

  • pituitary gland

  • thyroid gland

  • pancreas

  • mammary glands

• system funcs:

  • producing hormones (usually not smth the glands need themselves)

  • the blood transports hormones to their location

  • hormones are chemical messengers

    

Cardiovascular System

• system parts:

  • heart

  • blood vessels

  • red = artery = oxygenated

  • blue = veins = deoxygenated

• system funcs:

  • carry oxygen, nutrients, hormones, & other substances to and fro the tissue cells where exchanges are made

  • heart pumps blood out of its chambers into the blood vessels to be transported to all body tissues

Lymphatic System

• parallel to the cardiovascular system

  • system parts:

    • lymphatic vessels

    • lymph nodes

    • spleen

    • tonsils

  • system funcs:

    • vessels return fluid leaked from the blood back to the blood vessels so that the blood can keep flowing

    • clean the blood and house cells involved w immunity

Respiratory System

• system parts:

  • pharynx

  • larynx

  • trachea

  • bronchi

  • lungs

• system funcs:

  • keeps the blood constantly oxygenated

  • removes carbon dioxide

    

Digestive System

• system parts:

  • piping running from mouth to butthole

  • esophagus

  • stomach

  • small/large intestines

  • liver

  • salivary glands

  • pancreas

• system funcs:

  • break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal to the body cells

  • pooping 🥺💩

Reproductive System

• Reproductive system

  • system parts:

    • dudes:

      • seminal vesicles

      • prostate gland

      • penis

      • vas deferens

      • testis

      • scrotum

    • gals:

      • mammary tissue

      • uterine tube

      • ovary

      • uterus

      • vagina

  • system funcs:

    • creating little devils

Urinary System

• system parts:

  • kidneys

  • ureters

  • bladder

  • urethra

• system funcs:

  • removes nitrogen-containing waste (i.e urea & uric acid) from the blood and flushed them from the body in urine

  • constantly monitoring the amt of electrolytes in the body

    

Necessary Life Functions

The essential activities that the organized human body performs, including movement and protection of internal organs.

marrow

• (without it bone would shatter)

  • yellow: adipose tissue (fat tissue)

  • red: creates blood cells (hematopoiesis)

responsiveness/irritability

• the ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then react to them.

  • ex: ur reflex to pull your hand away from the stove if it gets too hot

  • most of the responsiveness is handled by the nervous system, but the body cells are irritable to some extent