AP HUG Unit 1 Vocabulary for Test

Isoline Map

Isoline Map

A map that connects with lines all the places that have different values from each other.

Isoline Map Image

Dot Distribution Map

Maps that are used to show exact location and distribution of certain stuff across a map.

Dot Distribution Map Image

Choropleth Map

A map that uses various colors, different shades of one color, or patterns to show the location and distribution of geographical data.

Choropleth Map Image

Graduated Symbol Map

A map that uses symbols of different sizes to show different amount of something.

Graduated Symbol Map Image

Cartogram

Maps that have them size of countries depend on a statistic.

Cartogram Image

Reference Maps

Maps for people to know about general things in places.

Political Maps

Maps that show human-created boundaries (countries, states, cities, etc.)

Physical Maps

Maps that show natural features of Earth.

Road Maps

Maps that show highways, streets, and alleys.

Plat Maps

Maps that show and label property borders and the details of the ownership.

Absolute Distance

Distance measured in feet, miles, meters, or kilometers.

Relative Distance

Distance measured based on time or money and it depends on the mode of travel.

Elevation

The distance of things above sea above sea level, usually measured in feet or meters.

Distribution

The way an event is spread out over an area.

Clustering Distribution

Events organized in a group or area close to each other.

Linear Distribution

Events arranged in a straight line

Dispersed Distribution

Events spread out over a big area.

Circular Distribution

Events that are equally spread from a central point, creating a circle.

Geometric Distribution

Events that are in a normal positioning

Random Distribution

Events that have no order at all.

Projection

The method of transferring locations on Earth to a flat map.

Shape Distortion

when the shape seems more elongated or squat than they actually are.

Distance Distortion

When the distance between to points is increased or decreased.

Relative Size (Area) Distortion

When an area seems larger than another on a map but its actually smaller.

Direction Distortion

When the direction from one place to another is distorted.

GIS (geographic information system)

A system that captures stores, queries and shows the geographic data.

GPS (global positioning system)

A system that determines the exact position of something on Earth.

Remote Sensing

Technology that gets information from satellites that orbit Earth or other devices.

Online mapping and visualization

Using the internet for mapping

Geovisualization

Using geospatial data to make 3D or 2D interactive maps.

Where can spatial information come from?

field observations, media reports, travel narratives, policy documents, personal interviews, landscape analysis, and photographic interpretation.

How may data be gathered?

in the field by organizations or by individuals

Explain the geographical effects of decisions made using geographical information

Geospatial and geographical data, including census data and satellite imagery, are used at all scales for personal, business and organizational, and governmental decision making purposes. For example, a nation's population is decreasing. The government realized this by looking at their census data. The government then decides to get more geographical data by doing personal interviews with citizens that plan on leaving the country. The government continues to do the interviews and realizes that the reason the nation's population is decreasing is because of the landscape and its looks. Because of this, they decided to build more and better looking buildings on unused landscape. This made some citizens stay, but the geographical effects were negative. First of, the population density of a specific area increased since more people from another side of the country moved to th

Landscape Analysis

defining and describing landscapes

Field observation

Visiting a location, place, or region and recording data there.

Aerial Photography

Images taken from places in the atmosphere.

Fieldwork

Observing and recording information on location.

Absolute Location

Exact location where something is according to a system.

Example of Absolute Location

Divine Savior Academy is located at 26N, 80 W

Relative Location

Description of where something is relating to other things

Example of Relative Location

The grocery store is three blocks down from my apartment.

Space

Area between two things

Place

Physical and human characteristics of a location different from others.

Flow

Patterns and movements of people, ideas, or things.

Distance decay

The relationship between distance and connection and how its decreasing.

Pattern

General arrangement of things being studied.

Concept of Sustainability

An overall theme of human geography that tries to use resources now so that in the future they can be used and have minimal negative impact.

Natural Resources

Items that are in nature that people can use

Land Use

The study of how land is used, modified or arranged by people.

Environmental Determinism

when people think that the way of land and weather affect how people act and societies grow is more important than the impact of their culture.

Example of Environment Determinism

When a hurricane comes, and people freak out and either leave the area or buy things to prepare and stay in their houses.

Possibilism

A view that recognizes the limits on the effects of the environment and focuses on the role that culture plays.

Example of Possibilism

When climate limits the crop, people can grow crops that are compatible with the climate.

spatial relationships

how one place is located in relation to another place

Scale of analysis

Looking at topics at the local, regional, country, or global scale.

Local scale of analysis.

Seeing maps or data of a community or neighborhood

Regional scale of analysis

Seeing maps or data of a city, province, or a state.

National scale of analysis

Seeing maps or data of a country or nation.

Global scale of analysis

Seeing maps or data of the whole world.

What does scale of analysis reveal?

The different levels at which problems or issues can be studied or understood.

Regions

space that boundaries and similar characteristics, and also created by people

How are regions defined?

the basis of one or more unifying characteristics or on patterns of activity

Formal Region

regions united by one or more traits

Example of Formal Region

Brazil being in South America

Functional Region

regions united by networks or communication, or something else

Example of Functional Region

An airport because of all the flights connecting to that airport

Perceptual Region

regions defined by the informal sense of place people ascribe to.

Example of Perceptual Region

people saying "Upstate New York" even though it is not a official named region.

What is another name for formal region?

uniform region or homogeneous region

What is another name for functional region?

nodal region

What is another name for perceptual region?

vernacular region

Regional boundaries are...

transitional and often contested and overlapping

Subregions

regions divided into smaller areas