Sensations and movement of the head and neck

SSA

vision, balance, hearing

GSE

somatic striated muscle

GVE

glands and smooth muscle (parasympathetic)

SVE

branchial arch striated muscle

sensory information from the skin and mucosa in head  CN V, VII, IX and X

GSA

sensory from the VISCERA (organs) of the head and neck CN IX and X

GVA

carrying taste  CN VII, IX and X

SVA

hearing and balance

 VIII

SSA

motor innervation to skeletal muscles derived from somites

 III, IV

 X

GSE

parasympathetic innervation of glands in head and neck (salivatory, lacrimal)  VII, IX and X

GVE

motor innervation to skeletal muscles from pharyngeal arches  V, VII, IX, X, XI

SVE

The (SVE)– fibers of trigeminal nerve motor nuclei innervate

muscles of mastication

The trigeminal nerve sensory nuclei innervate

(GSA)

 pain and temperature on face and inside mouth

 discriminative touch on face and inside mouth

 proprioception of temporomandibular joint

The facial nerve has

four associated nuclei

facial nerve SVE motor facial expression innervation is

Bilateral for upper face

Unilateral for lower face

the facial nerve nuclei GVE branch provides

parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands

the SVA facial nerve nuclei allows for

taste from anterior 2/3 tongue

(GSA) fibers of the facial nerve also carries

sensation from outer ear

The facial nerve nucleus comes from the

caudal pons

Bilateral innervation of facial nerve comes from

cingulate gyrus to the upper face (link emotions to facial expressions)

Upper motor neuron lesion in corticobulbar tract (CBT) will paralyze

contralateral lower facial muscles ONLY

Lower motor neuron (lesion of the facial nerve itself) would affect

whole face on same side of the nerve

Bells Palsy is due to

Peripheral (LMN) lesion on one side, result of virus, or pregnancy

presentations of bells palsy

Paralysis of muscles of facial expression on one side of face

• Impaired production of tears

• No dry mouth due to parotid gland

• Diminished blink reflex

• Hyperacusis – nerve to stapedius muscle

GVA fibers of GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL nerve regulates

blood, gas, and blood pressure in carotid body

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL nerve provides

tase (SVA) & Sensation from posterior 1/3 tongue and upper pharynx (GSA)

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL is important for

the gag reflex

(SVE) fibers of Glossopharyngeal nerve innervates

stylopharyngeus muscle

vagus nerve GVE fibers controls

smooth muscle and glands of pharynx, larynx, heart, lungs and abdominal viscera (parasympathetic)

SVE fibers of vagus nerve innervate

Pharyngeal muscles and intrinsic muscles of the larynx

GVA fibers of vagus nerve monitors

BP

 Cough and vomiting reflexes

 Vague sensation of “feeling good” or “feeling bad

vagus nerve GSA fibers sense

Pain, temperature and crude touch sensations from vocal folds, larynx, skin of external ear, auditory canal, tympanic membrane

 Important for vomiting and cough reflex

hypoglossal nerve is

purely motor (GSE)

hypoglossal nerve innervates

bilateral to intrinsic tongue muscles

hypoglossal nucleus resides in

medulla

tongue deviates to opposite side since muscles it controls on the contralateral side are weak

UMN lesion of hypoglossal nn

tongue deviates to same side, since muscles it controls on that side are weak

LMN lesion of hypoglossal nn