Chapter 1: What is Biotechnology
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52 Terms
What is the definition of biotechnology?
Reprogram living systems to do something new.
What are three traditional biotechnology products?
yogurt, bread, cheese
What are two examples of modern biotechnology products?
therepueatic drugs, enzymes in laundry detergents
When did the modern biotechnology industry begin?
1976
When did early humans beging selectively bredding plants and livestock?
8000 BCE
When was wine first invented?
4000 BCE
Who developed brewing and cheese making? When?
2000 BCE
What was the first antibiotic used? Which culture? When?
500 BCE chinese
Who developed the first smallpox vaccine? When?
Edward Jenner, 1796
Who discovered protiens?
jons jakob
When was the origin of species published?
1859
When was pasteurization first developed?
1861
When did Mendel establish the principles of genetics?
1865
Who developed the first rabies vaccine? What year?
1885, loius pastuer
When did the term “biotechnology” first appear in print?
1919
Who discovered penicillin? What year?
alexander Flemming, 1928
Who discovered DNA as the carrier of genetics info?
oswald avery
When was the double-helix structure of DNA discovered?
1953
When was mRNA discovered?
1961
When was the gene first completely synthesized?
1971
When was recombinant insulin produced? By which company?
1977, genenteen
When was DNA fingerprinting first used?
1984
When were the first genetically modified tobacco plants grown?
1986
When was the human genome project first launched?
1990
What was the first cloned mammal? What year?
dolly the sheep
When was golden rice developed?
1999
when was genome project project done.
2003
When was the first HPV vaccine approved?
2003
When was the first self-replicating bacterial cell created?
2010
When was CRISPR-CAS9 used for gene editing?
2012
When were mRNA vaccines first used?
2021
What are the different sectors in biotech?
biological research, healthcare, agriculture, manufacturing
What are the key techniques in biotech?
molecular biological, cell biology, genetic engineering
What is the ethical consideration around biotech?
equity, safety, long term impact
What are the tools in biotech?
whole cells, DNA, RNA, protiens
What are two of the key instruments in biotech?
spectrophotometer, PCR machine
What is chromatography?
sort
What is gene transfer?
delivery system
What is protien purification?
final product
What is a spectrophotometer?
light absorbtion
What is PCR?
amplify dnA
What are the key concepts behind using biotechnology in national defense?
biosurveillance
Which company was the founding biotechnology company? What was their first product?
genetech, humulin
What is the difference between biotech and pharmaceutical industries?
biological drugs, chemical drugs
who are the key users of biotech?
medicine, agriculture, manufacturers, research
what is genomics?
study of entire genome
what is proteomics?
study of all of protiens expression
what is precision medicine?
medicine targerted therpaies based on genetic profile
what happens during the drug discovery phase of drug development?
lab animal testing
what happens during phase 1 clinical trials?
testing safety
what happens during phase 2 clinical trials?
test effectiveness
what happens during phase 3 clinical trials?
confirm results