O-LEVEL MATHS Note-Pack

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key mathematics vocabulary and concepts.

Prime factor decomposition

Breaking down a number into its prime factors.

Highest Common Factor (HCF)

The largest factor that two or more numbers share.

Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)

The smallest multiple that two or more numbers share.

Square Number

A number that can be expressed as the product of an integer with itself.

Cube Number

A number that can be expressed as the product of an integer multiplied by itself three times.

Exact Square Root

The value that, when multiplied by itself, gives a perfect square.

Reciprocal

The value that, when multiplied with a number, results in 1.

Negative Index Rule

a^(-n) = 1/(a^n), where 'a' is non-zero.

Standard Form

A way of writing numbers that are too big or small to be conveniently written in decimal form, typically in the form a × 10^n.

Probability

A measure of how likely an event is to occur, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.

Simultaneous Equations

A set of equations with multiple variables that are solved together.

Trigonometric Ratios

Relationships between the angles and sides of a right triangle, defined by sine, cosine, and tangent.

Congruent Shapes

Shapes that are the same in size and shape.

Similar Shapes

Shapes that have the same shape but not necessarily the same size.

Angle of Elevation

The angle formed by the horizontal line and the line of sight to an object above the horizontal.

Angle of Depression

The angle formed by the horizontal line and the line of sight to an object below the horizontal.

Cumulative Frequency

A running total of frequencies used to find medians and quartiles.

Frequency Density

A measure used in histograms, defined as frequency divided by class width.

Area of a Circle

Calculated using the formula A = πr², where r is the radius.

Volume of a Cylinder

Calulated using the formula V = πr²h, where r is the radius and h is the height.

Pythagorean Theorem

a² + b² = c², for right-angled triangles, where c is the hypotenuse.

Circle Theorems

Theorems established concerning angles, chords, tangents, and arcs in circle geometry.

Transformations in Geometry

Operations that alter the position or size of shapes, including translations, rotations, reflections, and enlargements.